Chapter 2: Atoms, Ions, Molecules

Question 1

Average atomic mass

Answer 1

Mass of both protons + neutrons

Question 2

DIFFERENT ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT

Answer 2

Isotopes

Same protons and electron, differing neutrons

Question 3

Ions

Answer 3

Charged atom

Cations/Anion

Question 4

What mass in an electron

Answer 4

1/8000 of a proton/ neutron

Question 5

Electrostatic attractions between cations/ anions

Answer 5

Ionic Bonds

Question 6

sharing electrons between atoms of two or more elements.

Answer 6

Covalent Bonds

Question 7

-2 atoms** share electrons equally, **
-atoms of the same element, or almost equally,

ex: hydrogen bonds to carbon.

Answer 7

Non Polar Covalent Bonds

Question 8

atoms of different elements that share electrons unequally.

Answer 8

Polar Covalent Bond

Question 9

O - O and C - H

Answer 9

nonpolar bonds

share electrons equally

Question 10

O – H is a _______ bond (in water, H2O)

Answer 10

polar

share electrons unequally.

Question 11

Hydrogen bonds occur
between (polar/nonpolar) molecules

Answer 11

Polar

attraction between partially positively charged hydrogen atom and a part

Question 12

individually weak but collectively strong
-influences how water molecules behave

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds occur

Question 13

attraction between water molecules

Answer 13

Cohesion

Question 14

inward pull of water molecules at the surface

Answer 14

Surface Tension

Question 15

attraction of water molecules for substances other than water.

Answer 15

Adhesion

Question 16

Water’s high specific heat and high heat of vaporization helps body with that?

Answer 16

maintain a normal body temperature (it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds).

Question 17

measure of hydrogen ion concentration [H+]

Answer 17

pH

Question 18

Solutions with H+ > OH–

Answer 18

pH < 7

(Acidic)

Question 19

equall concentration of H+ and OH

Answer 19

neutral

Question 20

Solutions with OH– > than H+

Answer 20

pH>7

(Basic)

Question 21

Moving from one increment to next is a (_________)
fold change

Answer 21

E.g., a pH of 6 has 10 times greater concentration of H+ than pure water

Question 22

4 Primary Classes of lipids

Answer 22

triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids
eicosanoids

Question 23

most common form of lipid in living things

Answer 23

Triglycerides

Question 24

generally used for long-term energy storage

Answer 24

Triglycerides

Question 25

structural support, cushioning, and insulation

Answer 25

Triglycerides

Question 26

2 Classes of Nucleic Acids

Answer 26

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 27

single stranded nucleic acid

Answer 27

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 28

polymers formed from nucleotide monomers.

Answer 28

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 29

3 Components of the Nucleotide

Answer 29

Sugar: 5- pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base

Question 30

polymers that differ in the number and sequence of 20 different amino acid monomers arranged in a unique linear sequence.

Answer 30

Proteins