Chapter 3: : Energy, Chemical Reactions, & Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What are Decomposition Reactions

Answer 1

Large molecule breaks down into smaller molecules

AB –> A + B

Catobolistic Reactions: All decomposition reactions in the body

Hydrolysis: water is used to break bonds and and release energy

Question 2

What are Synthesis Reactions ?

Answer 2

2 or more reactants combine to form a single product.

dehydration synthesis (A + B → AB)

Anabolism: All Synthesis Reactions in the body

Question 3

Catobolistic Reactions are all ____ Reactions in the body

Answer 3

Decomposition

Break down (AB —> A + B) cats break down things

*Hydrolysis: ( Water splitting) Sucrose —-> Glucose + Fructose

Question 4

What are the Function of Enzymes?

Answer 4

active catalysts that increase reaction rates by lowering activation energy

Protein molecules that function as organic catalysts

Question 5

When electrons are transferred from one chemical structure to another

Answer 5

Oxidation Reduction

OIL RIG

Question 6

structure that loses an electron is ________
structure that gains an electron is _________

Answer 6

• structure that loses and electron is “oxidized”
• structure that gains an electron is “reduced”

OIL RIG

Question 7

What 4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation: (GICE)

Answer 7

Glycolysis: occurs in cytosol (no oxygen required)

Intermediate stage

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron transport system

Question 8

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 8

Splitting of Glucose (Sugar)

Metabolic pathway that uses ten enzymes

Occurs within the cytosol, doesnt require oxygen

Question 9

Total # ATP produced from the complete breakdown of glucose

Answer 9

38

Question 10

The formation of a dipeptide from 2 amino acids is an example of what reaction?

Answer 10

Synthesis

Build up ( A +B —> AB)

Question 11

Oxidation occurs when a molecule ____ an electron

Answer 11

Loses

OIL RIG

Question 12

Which word describes the synthesis reactions in the body?

Answer 12

Anabolism

Build up (A+ B —> AB)

Question 13

When a molecule or ion gains an electron during a reaction, it is said to have been…….

Answer 13

Reduced

OIL RIG

Question 14

A substance that binds to an enzyme to stop its action is called a(n ________

( prevent enzymatic catalysis )

Answer 14

inhibitor

Question 15

Which is the optimal pH range for most human enzymes?

Answer 15

6-8

Question 16

How are metabolic pathways usually regulated?

Answer 16

Negative Feedback

Question 17

The presence of an ____ lowers the activation energy required to start the reaction.

Answer 17

Enzyme

Question 18

v

Enzyme ___________ bind to an enzyme to turn it off, thus preventing it from catalyzing a reaction.

Answer 18

inhibitor

(competitive and noncompetitive)

Question 19

The step-by-step breakdown of glucose to release energy for the synthesis of ATP is _________ oxidiation

Answer 19

Glucose

Question 20

A multistep process in which organic molecules like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down to extract energy for ATP production is called________

Answer 20

Cellullar respiration.

Question 21

Does Glycolysis require oxygen?

Answer 21

No, it does not require oxygen

Question 22

What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced during the oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Answer 22

38

Question 23

The reaction rate is dependent upon:

Answer 23

increase the concentration of substrate/enzyme

temperature:
3-D shape of enzyme dependent on temperature
severe increases in temperature cause protein denaturation & lose their function

pH
enzymes function best at optimal pH (usually between 6 and 8)

Question 25

Where does glucose occur

Answer 25

Cytosol

Question 26

What prevents enzymatic catalysis ? It

Answer 26

Inhibitor

Question 27

hydrolysis is what type of reaction?
(Break down of water)

Answer 27

decomposition reactions

Question 28

do not resemble substrate
bind a site other than active site (allosteric site)
also called allosteric inhibitors
not influenced by concentration of substrate

Answer 28

noncompetitive inhibitors
(alloristic inhibitor)

Question 29

resembles substrate and binds to active site of enzyme
compete for occupation of active site
increase substrate and competitive inhibitor less likely to occupy site
increase inhibitor and more likely it will occupy active site

Answer 29

competitive inhibitors

Question 30

product from metabolic pathway acts as an

Answer 30

allosteric inhibitor

Question 31

Break down of water

Answer 31

Hydrolysis - decomposition reaction

Question 32

Glycosis is a Metabolic pathway that uses how many enzymes?

Answer 32

10

Question 33

Protein molecules that function as organic catalysts

Answer 33

Enzymes

Question 34

Example of a metabolic pathway

Answer 34

Glycosis - decomposition