Chapter 13: Brain + Spinal Cord

Question 1

4 Parts of the Brain

Answer 1

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Brainstem (3 parts)

Diencephalon

CCBD

Question 2

3 Subparts of Brain Stem

Answer 2

midbrain
medulla oblongata
pons

Question 3

folds of brain tissue

Answer 3

gyri

Question 4

the shallow depressions between folds of brain tissue

Answer 4

sulci

Question 5

The deeper grooves

Answer 5

fissures

Question 6

Cranial meninges (From deep to superficial)

Answer 6

1. Pia mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Dura mater:

(PAD)

Question 7

inner most
thin layer of areolar CT

Answer 7

Pia mater

Question 8

external to pia mater
subarachnoid space fill with CSF
made of a web of collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 8

Arachnoid mater

Question 9

tough outer membrane

Answer 9

Dura mater

Question 10

Located on midline and projects into longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres

Answer 10

Falx cerebri

Question 11

(“tent” over the cerebellum)
separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

Answer 11

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 12

What does the Tentorium cerebelli seperate?

Answer 12

Cerebellum from Occipital + Temporal

Question 13

separates the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 13

Falx cerebelli

Question 14

Provides Buoyancy

protects CNS by providing a liquid cushion

keeps CNS environment stable (helps transport nutrients and wastes)

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 15

What Reduces Brains weight?

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 15

What does Buoyancy do?

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 16

What protects CNS by providing a liquid cushion

Answer 16

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 17

keeps CNS environment stable (helps transport nutrients and wastes)

Answer 17

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 18

Cerebrospinal Fluid is formed by

what is it made of ?

Answer 18

choroid plexus-

layer of ependymal cells and blood capillaries

Question 19

layer of ependymal cells and blood capillaries (choroid plexus) layers the what?

Answer 19

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 20

The choroid plexus forms what

(made of ependymal cells and blood capillaries)

Answer 20

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 21

origin of all complex intellectual functions

Answer 21

Cerebrum

Question 22

Cerebral Hemispheres:

What do White matter tracts connect?

(at a few locations)

Answer 22

Hemispheres

corpus callosum: largest tract providing connection between them

Question 23

What is the largest tract providing connection between Hemispheres?

Answer 23

corpus callosum

Question 24

5 Lobes of the Cerebrum

Answer 24

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula

Question 25

# functions Motor control, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, personality ​

Answer 25

Frontal

Question 26

functions: general sensory

Answer 26

parietal

Question 27

functions: hearing and smelling

Answer 27

temporal

Question 28

functions: vision and visual memories

Answer 28

occipital

Question 29

functions: memory and sense of taste

Answer 29

insula

Question 30

# What Cortex? Located within occipital lobe

Answer 30

Primary visual cortex | vision and visual memories

Question 31

located within temporal lobe

Answer 31

primary auditory cortex

Question 32

located within temporal lobe ....cortex (smell) ...cortex ....association area

Answer 32

primary olfactory cortex (smell) primary auditory cortex auditory association area | HEARING + SMELL

Question 33

located within temporal lobe provides conscious awareness of smells

Answer 33

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 34

located within insula involved in processing taste information

Answer 34

primary gustatory cortex 33

Question 35

The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: (Tracts)

Answer 35

projection tracts association tracts commissural tracts

Question 36

# The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: 1/3 connect regions of cerebral cortex within SAME hemisphere

Answer 36

Association tracts

Question 37

# The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: 1/3 commissures connect regions in different hemispheres

Answer 37

commissural tracts

Question 38

# The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: 2/3 link cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and spinal cord

Answer 38

Projection tracts

Question 39

Specialized for language abilities, functions in categorization and analysis

Answer 39

Categorical hemisphere (usually the left)

Question 40

# Cerebral Lateralization specialized for language abilities, functions in categorization and analysis ## Footnote Categorical hemisphere/ Respresentational hemisphere

Answer 40

Categorical hemisphere (usually the left)

Question 41

concerned with visuospatial relationships, imagination, comparison of senses ## Footnote Categorical hemisphere/ Respresentational hemisphere

Answer 41

Representational hemisphere (usually the right)

Question 42

Left - Right - ## Footnote Categorical hemisphere/ Respresentational hemisphere

Answer 42

Left - Categorical hemisphere Right -Representational hemisphere

Question 43

# What Nucleus is this in? lentiform nucleus putamen globus pallidus amygdaloid body (amygdala)

Answer 43

Caudate nucleus

Question 44

Expanded region at tail of caudate nucleus functions in mood, emotions

Answer 44

Amygdaloid body (amygdala)

Question 45

Composition of epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

Answer 45

diencephalon

Question 46

Pineal gland and habenular nuclei makes up what

Answer 46

epithalamus

Question 47

# Epithalamus: endocrine gland secreting melatonin helps regulate day-night cycles, circadian rhythm

Answer 47

Pineal gland

Question 48

# Part of epithalamus: Helps relay signals from limbic system to midbrain

Answer 48

Habenular nuclei

Question 49

receives signals from all conscious senses except olfaction

Answer 49

Thalamus

Question 50

-Control of endocrine system -Regulation of body temperature -Emotional behavior part of limbic system; controls emotional responses (pleasure, fear, etc.) -Sleep-wake rhythms superchiasmatic nucleus directs pineal gland to secrete melatonin, regulates circadian rhythms.

Answer 50

Hypothalamus

Question 51

Emotional behavior is apart of what system

Answer 51

Limbic system

Question 52

# part of Hypothalamus: What directs pineal gland to secrete melatonin, regulates circadian rhythms.

Answer 52

superchiasmatic nucleus

Question 53

The brainstem is composed of the

Answer 53

midbrain pons medulla oblongata

Question 54

midbrain pons medulla oblongata makes up what

Answer 54

brainstem

Question 55

# Part of the midbrain: What houses neurons producing dopamine

Answer 55

substantia nigra

Question 56

# Midbrain: what controls visual reflexes and traction

Answer 56

superior colliculi

Question 57

What controls auditory reflexes

Answer 57

inferior colliculi

Question 58

The pons contains what type of nuclei

Answer 58

superior olivary nuclei- (helps with sound localization

Question 59

What helps with sound localization?

Answer 59

superior olivary nuclei ## Footnote Located in the Pons*

Question 60

superior olivary nuclei is in what

Answer 60

The Pons | helps with sound localization ## Footnote helps with sound localization

Question 61

What has convoluted surface with “folia” (folds)

Answer 61

Cerebellar cortex | Part of Cerebellum ## Footnote outer gray matter

Question 62

Cerebellar cortex: outer gray matter Arbor vitae: internal region of white matter Deep cerebellar: nuclei of gray matter

Answer 62

Three Regions of Cerebellum

Question 63

In what region of the Cerebellum is there **outer gray matter **

Answer 63

Cerebellar cortex:

Question 64

# In what region of the Cerebellum is there internal region of white matter

Answer 64

Arbor vitae:

Question 65

# In what region of the Cerebellum is there nuclei of gray matter

Answer 65

Deep cerebellar

Question 66

What coordinates and fine-tunes movements

Answer 66

Cerebellum

Question 67

# What coordinates and fine-tunes movements -Ensures muscle activity follows correct pattern -Adjusts movements initiated by cerebrum, ensuring smoothness

Answer 67

Cerebellum

Question 68

The emotional brain

Answer 68

Limbic System

Question 69

composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures that process and experience emotions

Answer 69

Limbic System | "emotional system"

Question 70

Cingulate gyrus: Parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampus Amygdaloid body: is apart of what ?

Answer 70

Limbic System

Question 71

What part of the Limbic System helps for long term memories?

Answer 71

hippocampus

Question 72

# In Reticular Formation: What is the Sensory Component =

Answer 72

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Question 73

processes sensory information, sends signals to cortex to bring about alertness (e.g. alarm clock)

Answer 73

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Question 74

Interconnected component of Limbic System

Answer 74

cingulate gyrus parahippocampal gyrus