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A&P > Chapter 7: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Dense or cortical bone

A

Compact Bone

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2
Q

Cancellous or trabecular bone

A

Spongy Bone

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3
Q

-Support and protection
-Movement
-Hemopoiesis: (blood cell production)
-Storage of minerals and energy reserves (Calcium and Phosphate)

A

Functions of Bones

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4
Q

Functions of Bones

-Storage of what minerals

A

Calcium and Phosphate

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5
Q

Coverings and Linings of Bone (1 of 2)

tough sheath covering outer surface of bone

A

Periosteum

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6
Q

Coverings and Linings of Bone (2 of 2)

Covers all internal surfaces of bone within medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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7
Q

External surface of bone has -
Internal has -

A

Compact
Spongy (Diploe)

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8
Q

spongy bone in flat bone of skull is also called

A

Diploe

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9
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

A

Four types of cells found in bone CT

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10
Q

Four types of cells found in bone CT

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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11
Q

-Bone stem cells, mature to become osteoblast

A

Osteoprogenitor

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12
Q

-Produce/ Synthesize and secrete osteoid (osteoid later calcifies)
-Become entrapped within the matrix

A

osteoblasts:

(formed from osteoprogenitor stem cells)
-mature into osteocytes

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13
Q

Type of bone cell

maintain the bone matrix

A

osteocytes:

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14
Q

Type of bone cell

Large, multinucleated, phagocytic cells that resorb bone.

A

osteoclasts:

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15
Q

Type of bone cell that has phagocytic cells

A

osteoclasts- PHAGOCYTIC/ BONE RESORPTION

Large, multinucleated, phagocytic cells that resorb bone.

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16
Q

-osteoclast release a substance that destroys bone matrix
-calcium and phosphate dissolve by hydrochloric acid
- occurs when blood calcium levels are low

A

Bone Resorption

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17
Q

When Bone resorption occurs, what is dissolved hy Hydrochloric Acid

A

Calcium and Phosphate

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17
Q

When does Blood Resorption occur

A

when blood calcium levels are low

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18
Q

When Bone resorption occurs, osteoclasts release a substance that does what?

A

destroys bone matrix

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19
Q

When Bone resorption occurs, Calcium and Phosphate is dissolved by what>

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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20
Q

Compact Bone is composed of what

A

osteons

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21
Q

A central canal is in what

A

Compact Bone

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22
Q

Compact Bone

Rings of bone CT that surround central canal

A

concentric lamellae:

(srrounding each hole

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23
Q

Compact Bone:

what gives strength & resilience

A

Collagen fibers

perpendicular to lamellae

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24
What are collagen fibers perpendicular too?
to lamellae
25
# Compact bone: : tiny interconnecting channels within bone CT, allows exchange of nutrients
Canaliculi
26
What part of the Compact Bone allows exchange of nutrients
Canaliculi ## Footnote tiny interconnecting channels
27
Rings of bone
Circumferential lamellae: | (rubber band holding straws together)
28
interstitial Lamella:
29
What is composed of Trabeculae
Spongy Bone
30
# Composition of what type of Cartilage? Chondrocytes in lacunae within a matrix of protein fibers Gel-like ground substance Avascular and contains no nerves Chondroblasts: produce cartilage matrix chondrocytes
Composition of Hyaline cartilage
31
What is Avascular and contains no nerves
Composition of Hyaline cartilage
32
Gel-like ground substance is in what type of cartilage
Composition of Hyaline cartilage
33
Chondrocytes in lacunae within a matrix of protein fibers is in what type of Cartilage
Hyaline Cartliage
34
# Composition of Hyaline cartilage maintain the matrix are chondroblasts that are encased within the matrix
Chondrocytes
35
# Composition of Hyaline cartilage produce cartilage matrix
Chondroblasts
36
# Composition of Hyaline cartilage What maintains the matrix?
Chondrocytes
37
# Cartilage Growth 2 Types of Growth
interstitial growth appositional growth
38
# Cartilage Growth growth in **length** that occurs within internal regions of cartilage | ( grows from inside out, making it longer )
interstitial growth
39
# Cartilage/ Bone growth growth in **width** around the periphery of cartilage | (Makes it wider)
appositional growth
40
# Cartilage growt called Dermal Ossification ## Footnote (ossification- turn into bone) (Dermis-skin)
Intramembranous Ossification
41
Starts with hyaline Cartilage model ---> turns into bone (ossification)
Endochondral Ossification
42
What does Bone remodeling depend on
-activities of osteoblasts (making of bone) -osteoclasts (resorption of bone)
43
bone remodeling influenced by:
Blood calcium levels Hormones (calcitonin and parathyroid) mechanical stress - exercise Gravity ## Footnote Bone remodeling depends on -Activity of Osteoblasts (making of bone) -Osteoclasts (blood resorption)
44
# Hormones That Influence Bone Growth and Bone Remodeling + Two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium
Calcitrol and Parathyroid
45
# Hormone That Influence Bone Growth and Bone Remodeling- inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates osteoblast activity
Calcitonin
46
2 hormones that stimulate osteoclast activity.
parathyroid calcitriol
47
What hormone inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates osteoblast activity,
Calcitonin
48
what hormone is secreted and released from the parathyroid gland in response to decreased blood calcium levels
parathyroid
49
disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency in childhood,
Rickets
50
Hormone released from the thyroid gland in response to increased blood calcium levels. -Aids in regulating blood calcium levels -inhibits osteoclast activity
Calcitonin
51
This hormone aids in regulating blood calcium levels
Calcitonin
52
This hormone inhibits osteoclast activity
Calcitonin
53
Hormone Calcitonin is released from what gland
Thyroid Gland
54
stress fracture simple fracture pathological fracture: compound fracture
Types of Fractures
55
Types of Fractures
stress fracture simple fracture pathological fracture: compound fracture
56
fracture that occurs in bone weakened by **disease**
pathological
57
fracture withbroken bone not penetrating skin
simple fracture:
58
fracture with one or both ends of the bone pierce overlying skin.
Compound Fracture
59
1.fracture hematoma forms 2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms 3.hard (bony) callus forms 4.bone is remodeled
Four steps of bone fracture repair
60
Four types found in bone CT
Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts
61
cell that Produce osteoid
osteoblasts
62
What cells Becomes entrapped within the matrix
63
What occurs when blood calcium levels are low?
Bone Resorption
64
What occurs when osteoclast release a substance that destroys bone matrix
Bone Resorption
65
bone stem cells
osteoprogenitor
66
Whats in the concentric lamellae?
-rings of bone CT that surround central canal -collagen fibers (perpendicular to lamellae) give strength & resilience
67
What has a gel like substance in hyaline cartilage
Ground Substance
68
-Hemopoiesis is what
blood cell productions
69
# el l Hormone released from the thyroid gland
Calcitonin
70
hormone is secreted and released in response to decreased blood calcium levels
Parathyroid | (released from parathyroid gland)
71
Hyaline Cartilage has what type of Fibers in it
Collagen
72
1st Step of of bone fracture repair
1.fracture hematoma forms
73
2nd Step of Bone fracture repair
2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms
74
3rd Step of Bone Fracture Repair
3. Hardy (Bone) Callus forms
75
What produces cartilage matrix?
Osteoblasts
76
Chondrocytes lay in what within a matrix of protein fibers
lacunae

A&P (18 decks)

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