Lab Practical 1 Flashcards by Kristen Fuentes

A biologically active catalyst is known as a(n)

Enzyme

Enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering activation energy

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Cells

The cristae of a mitochondrion are formed from folds in the _____ membrane

Inner

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Cells

folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Cristae

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Lab 3

Cell cycle is divided into what four main phases?

G1, S, G2, and M.

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Lab 3

What phases in the cell cycle are interphase?

G1, S, G2,

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Lab 3

Growth and normal metabolic roles

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Lab 3

A phase when a cell makes (synthesizes) a duplicate copy its nuclear DNA.

S phase

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Lab 3

Cell double checks duplicated chromosomes for error

-makes an any needed repairs

G2 Phase

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Lab 3

Rough ER

Smooth ER

**Rough ER:
**protein production by ribosomes

Smooth ER:
synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids
carbohydrate metabolism
detoxification of drugs and poisons**

Rough- Ribo
Smooth- skin, skin is fat, fat=lipid, fat= eating CARBS (Ca

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a system of interconnected channels called cisternae

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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The site for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

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What lacks ribosomes?

Smooth ER

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A package of enzymes

Lysosomes

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double unit membraned organelles specialized for synthesizing ATP

Mitochondira

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folds of inner membrane of mitochondria

Cristae

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Which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

S Phase

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Centromeres divide in two. Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles.

Anaphase

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Chromosomes condense. Nuclear membrane disappears. Centrioles migrate to opposite sides.

Prophase

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Chromosomes align in midline. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores. Aster fibers attach to plasma membrane.

Metaphase

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Chromosomes gather at each pole. Chromatin disappears. Nuclear membranes appear. Mitotic spindles vanish.

Telophase

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Telophase

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Metaphase

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Anaphase

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Prophase

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Toward the Ventral Side

Toward the Dorsal Side

Posterior

Above/ Below

Superior/ Inferior

Medial

Toward the median Plane

Lateral

Away from the median plane

Proximal/ Distal

Closer to the point of attatchment/ Farther from the point of attatchment

Ipsilateral/ Contralateral

On Same side of body/ On opposite Sides of body

Superficial/ Deep

Closer to the body surface/ Farther from body surface

The Chin is (____) to the nose

Inferior

The index finger is (_____) to the ring finger

The Skin is (____) to the muscles

Superficial

The buttocks is (____) to the pubis

Posterior

The middle toe is (_____) to the little Toe

Medial

# The The elbow is (_____) to the humerus (bicep bone)

Distal

The muscles are (____) to the skin

Deep

The hip is (______) to the knee

Proximal

Left hand is (____) to the right hand

contralateral

Transverse

seperates upper/lower

Sagittal Plane

Seperates left/right

Coronal Plane

Seperate front/back

Double layered protective membrane

Serous membrane

-In reference to a body wall -On the Body Cavity Wall | ex: on the abdominal wall in the cavity around heart

Parietal

Serous membrane of heart

Pericardium

Peritoneum

Serous membrane of the abdomen

Visceral

-In reference to an interal organ -On the organ (Surface) | Ex: Surface of the Lung/Stomach

Serous membrane of the lungs

Pleura

Area formed by two serous membranes

serous cavity

The heart is located in a small cavity called the

Pericardial

The_______covers the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity.

Visceral Peritoneum

The plane at the top of the hips separates the abdominal cavity from the_______ Cavity

Pelvic

The lubricating substance in body cavities is called

Sereous Fluid

The large medial area of the chest that divides left & right pleural cavities is called the

mediastinum

The muscle that divides the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavities is the

Diagraphm

The outer layer of a serous membrane is the

Parietal Layer

Cranial Cavity (Dorsal)

Brain

Vertebral Canal (Dorsal)

Spine

On chest (contain Pleural and Pericardial)

Abdominopelvic Cavity contain....

Abdominal Cavity + Pelvic Cavity

(Fill in the blank)

4 primary tissues of the body

Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

# Epithalia classified into 2 categories Simple vs. Stratified

Simple: every cell touches the basement membrane Stratified: some cells rest on top of other cells and do not contact the basement membrane.

Simple Tissie

forms tubules in kidney

Simple Cuboidal (kidney tubule) | cells are a single layer of square or even round cells.

found in the alveoli (lungs)

Simple Squamous

Pseudostratified Columnar (trachea)

(found in the epidermis (**thick skin** on the palms of hand & soles of the feet ,** thin skin** elsewhere)

keratinized stratified squamous

Found just inside all openings of the body

Non keratinized Stratified Squamous

Dense Regular (tendon)

Dense Irregular (dermis of skin)

Elastic cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

Fibro Cartilage

Compact (Cortical) bone (Dry ground bone)

Spongy (Cancellous or Trabecular) bone

Cell Shape: Stratified stretches & relaxes limited to the urinary tract (lining of the bladder

Transitional epithelium

What cell shape forms the top layer of skin

startified squamous epithelium

lines urinary bladder

transitional epithelium

single layer of tall cells that contain goblet cells

simple columnar epithelium

cells of different size all resting on basement membrane

pseudostratified epithelium

Epithelium that stretches and relaxes is ____________________ epithelium.

Transitional

What forms serous membrane

simple squamous epithelium

stratified squamous

associated with hair follicles

Sebaceous glands

The layers of skin from deep to superficial are:

Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin ) Stratum corneum

only found in thick skin

Stratum lucidum

produces sebum

Sebaceous gland

gland associated with pheromones

Apocrine sweat gland

protein that waterproofs the skin

Keratin

. surface of the epidermis

Stratum corneum

fingerlike dermal projections into the epidermis

Papillae -

layer of stem cells

Stratum basale |stra- CELLS , be-STEM

deepest layer of the dermis, contains dense irregular tissue

Reticular layer

Subcutaneous layer is the layer below the _____

layer below the dermis

A. layer found only in thick skin

Stratum lucidum

gland associated with thermoregulation

Merocrine sweat gland

The primary tissue found under the epithelium is

connective tissue.

Epithelium that stretches and relaxes is

transitional epithelium