Ch. 18 The Heart Flashcards
(45 cards)
Which structure forms the most superficial covering of the heart?
Fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer of the pericardium
Which blood vessel returns blood to the heart from areas below the diaphragm?
Inferior vena cava
Which heart valve prevents backflow into the atrium?
Tricuspid valve
Which of the following statements is true?
A) The left ventricular cavity is flattened into a crescent shape
B) The right ventricular cavity is nearly circular
C) The right ventricle pumps blood at a higher pressure than the left ventricle
D) The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right
D) The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right
The right ventricle pumps blood into what structure?
Pulmonary trunk
Select the coronary vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle
A) Anterior interventricular artery
B) Circumflex artery
C) Great cardiac vein
D) Coronary sinus
B) Circumflex artery
Which side of the heart pumps first?
Both sides of the heart pump at the same time
Which anatomical or physiological feature correctly describes cardiac muscle and not skeletal muscle?
A) Striations appear as alternating light and dark bands
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions
C) Intercalated discs connect adjacent muscle cells
D) Calcium ions bind troponin to signal contraction
C) Intercalated discs connect adjacent muscle cells
Which component of the conduction system sets the pace for the heart as a whole?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Identify the component of the EKG that corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles.
QRS complex
What happens when the ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure?
The semilunar valves open
What cardiac term refers to the volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction?
End Systolic Volume (ESV)
Select the factor that increases cardiac output:
A) Increased preload
B) Increased parasympathetic activity
C) Decreased venous return
D) Decreased stroke volume
A) Increased preload
Situation in which a relatively mild blow to the chest causes heart failure and sudden death because it occurs during a vulnerable interval
Commotio cordis
A condition of right-sided heart failure resulting from elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit
Cor pulmonale
The leading cause of death in young athletes, usually inherited, causes the cardiac muscle cells to enlarge; the heart pumps strongly, but doesn’t relax well during diastole
Hypertrophic cardiomyopothy
When the semi-lunar valves are open, which of the following is happening?
A) Coronary arteries fill B) AV valves are closed C) Ventricles are in systole D) Ventricles are in diastole E) Blood enters the aorta F) Blood enters the pulmonary arteries G) Atria contract
A) Coronary arteries fill
Cardiac output is ?
the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute
What is the correct sequence of electrical current flow through the heart wall?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network
During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the ?
right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs
During systemic circulation, blood leaves the ?
left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta
The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which ?
the muscle cell will not respond to a stimulus of any strength
The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events EXCEPT ?
A) the changes in pressure gradients in all chambers of the heart
B) the movement of impulse from the SA node to all regions of the heart wall
C) the number of times the heart beats in one minute
D) the changes in blood volume in all chambers of the heart
E) the closing and opening of the heart valves during each heartbeat
the number of times the heart beats in one minute
The coronary arteries arise from the ?
aorta
