Ch. 24 Nutrition & Metabolism Flashcards
(52 cards)
A major means for conserving heat is _____.
increased convective loss
enhanced sweating
increased metabolic rate
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
During glycolysis, glucose must be activated by how many ATP molecules?
one two three five ten
two
Most vitamins _____.
function as coenzymes in the body
are carbohydrates
are used as building blocks for the body
are metabolized to make ATP
function as coenzymes in the body
One function of vitamin A is to ______.
help with calcium absorption transfer electrons in cellular respiration form visual pigments synthesize DNA assist in blood clotting
form visual pigments
Retinol in the visual pigments is derived from vitamin ___.
A
The hormone responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate is _____.
thyroxine glucagon melanin insulin melatonin
thyroxine
The site of electron transport is the _____.
mitochondrial matrix Golgi body mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae) mitochondrial outer membrane cytoplasm
mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae)
The main integrating center for thermoregulation is located in the _____.
mitochondrion spinal cord thymus gland hypothalamus liver
hypothalamus
Which coenzyme is reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
NAD vitamin A FAD manganese coenzyme A
NAD
Which element below is considered a trace mineral?
potassium chromium sodium phosphorus chlorine
chromium
Which lipoprotein contains the most cholesterol?
chylomicron HDL IDL VLDL LDL
LDL
LDLs are about ___% cholesterol.
45
Nutritionally incomplete proteins are low in _____.
one or more of the essential amino acids
one or more of the major vitamins
one or more of the coenzymes
one or more of the essential fatty acids
one or more of the essential amino acids
Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by ______.
substrate-level phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation during the chemiosmotic process glycolysis gluconeogenesis the Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation during the chemiosmotic process
A function of the liver during the postabsorptive state is ______.
to store excess glucose by glycogenesis electron transport to release glucose glycolysis lipogenesis to mobilize glucose reserves by glycogenolysis
to mobilize glucose reserves by glycogenolysis
The hormone that controls essentially all events of the absorptive state is ______.
ADH thyroxine calcitonin glucagon insulin
insulin
Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to lose weight?
an increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favors fat accumulation) in fat cells
an increase in metabolism that increases appetite
an increase in thyroxine levels as fat levels accumulate
an increase in taste receptors
an increase in heat loss from the body that requires more food intake
an increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favors fat accumulation) in fat cells
Which of the following is NOT a physiological response to hypothermia?
dehydration reduced heart rate drowsiness reduced respiratory rate shivering
dehydration
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy ______.
stored in 1 kilogram of water
needed to move 1 kilogram of water 1 meter
needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°C
needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°F
needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°C
Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are _____.
only found in grains
synthesized every day in the body
stored in the body for times of starvation
limited in synthesis and therefore must be consumed
limited in synthesis and therefore must be consumed
Prolonged high protein intake can lead to ______.
a negative nitrogen balance
kidney damage
muscle building
loss of bone mass
loss of bone mass
Prolonged high protein intake can lead to loss of bone mass due to ___ imbalance.
pH
Which of the following substances is considered a provitamin?
iron
vitamin D
beta-carotene
niacin
beta-carotene
Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is NOT stored in the body?
vitamin A
vitamin K
vitamin E
vitamin D
vitamin K
