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SAC A&P II > Ch. 23 Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch. 23 Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the ______.

pancreas
stomach
gallbladder
duodenum
liver
A

duodenum

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2
Q

The pancreatic duct empties into the ____, where activation of proteases occurs.

A

duodenum

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3
Q

During deglutition, the bolus passes into the stomach from the esophagus through the ______.

pyloric sphincter
urethral sphincter
ileocecal valve
esophageal sphincter
gastroesophageal sphincter
A

gastroesophageal sphincter

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4
Q

During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, ______.

the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited
the gastroenteric reflex reduces stomach activity
secretin causes more HCl release
hormones reduce chief cell activity
the enterogastric reflex is turned off

A

the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited

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5
Q

What intestinal structure(s) consist(s) of protective aggregated nodules of lymphocytes and macrophages?

the muscularis mucosae
the gastric pits
the intestinal crypts
the muscularis externa
Peyer’s patches
A

Peyer’s patches

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6
Q

What are the main organic molecules digested in the stomach?

salts
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
A

proteins

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7
Q

The main enzyme produced by the stomach is ____, which digests protein (gastric lipases are only of minor importance).

A

pepsin

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8
Q

The main propulsive force that occurs in the majority of the alimentary canal is called ______.

peristalsis
segmentation
defecation
ingestion
swallowing
A

peristalsis

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9
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?

It contains epiploic appendages.
It is longer than the small intestine.
It provides no absorptive function.
It is the site for acid neutralization.
It has villi.
A

It contains epiploic appendages.

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10
Q

Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?

secretin
histamine
vasoactive peptide
CCK
gastrin
A

gastrin

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11
Q

____ is the major stomach hormone. Both the stomach and the small intestine produce this chemical.

A

Gastrin

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12
Q

Which sequence below represents the correct order of the tunics of the GI tract, starting from the layer adjacent to the lumen and moving superficially?

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa
muscularis externa, serosa, submucosa, mucosa
serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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13
Q

What substances from different organs would mix together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

secretin and CCK
bile and pancreatic enzymes
brush border enzymes and intrinsic factor
HCl and pepsin

A

bile and pancreatic enzymes

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14
Q

What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi?

The large intestine would take over as the primary absorptive site.
decreased surface area for absorption
Salivary amylase secretion would increase.
A duodenal ulcer would develop.

A

decreased surface area for absorption

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15
Q

Which of the following products does the stomach produce?

bile and trypsin
mucus and amylase
pepsinogen and secretin
HCl and intrinsic factor

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

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16
Q

The final product of carbohydrate digestion is ______.

glycogen
polysaccharides
monosaccharides
starch
disaccharides
A

monosaccharides

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17
Q

Which of the following cells produce HCl?

chief cells
mucous cells
parietal cells
enteroendocrine cells
G cells
A

parietal cells

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18
Q

___ cells make HCl and intrinsic factor.

A

Parietal

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19
Q

Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?

G cells
parietal cells
chief cells
mucous cells
enteroendocrine cells
A

chief cells

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20
Q

____ is the inactive form of pepsin, which is produced by chief cells located in the basal region of gastric glands.

A

Pepsinogen

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21
Q

The digestive system in a cadaver is longer than in a living person because, in a cadaver, there is NO ______.

muscle tone
enzymatic activity
food in the alimentary canal
digestion taking place

A

muscle tone

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22
Q

Emulsification of which organic molecules would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?

nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids

A

lipids

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23
Q

Fat emulsification occurs by the detergent action of ____ from the liver.

A

bile salts

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24
Q

The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by ______.

the enteric nerve plexuses
the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
higher brain centers

A

the enteric nerve plexuses

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25
Which of the following statements about the mesentery is INCORRECT? It holds the organs of the abdomen in place. Omenta is the special name for part of the mesentery extending from the curvatures of the stomach. It provides a route for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive viscera. It is composed of a layer of serous membrane fused with a layer of mucous membrane.
It is composed of a layer of serous membrane fused with a layer of mucous membrane.
26
Which of the following is the most common cause of peritonitis? a perforating ulcer of the stomach a ruptured pancreatic cyst a perforating abdominal wound a burst appendix
a burst appendix
27
The myxovirus causes ______.
mumps
28
Halitosis is caused by _______.
increased anaerobic bacterial activity at the back of the tongue
29
____ are the most common teeth to become impacted.
wisdom teeth
30
Which of the following conditions is directly associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke? dental caries impacted wisdom teeth periodontitis gingivitis
periodontitis
31
The only stomach function that is essential to life is ______. the secretion of pepsinogen the presence of HCl mechanical digestion the secretion of intrinsic factor
the secretion of intrinsic factor
32
Some aspects of the ______ phase of gastric secretion, which occur before food enters the stomach, may be considered conditioned reflexes. cephalic esophageal intestinal gastric
cephalic
33
The myenteric nerve plexus is located in which tunic of the alimentary canal? muscularis externa submucosa mucosa serosa
muscularis externa
34
Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder? converting pepsinogen to pepsin metabolizing carbohydrate secreting pancreatic juice storing and concentrating bile
storing and concentrating bile
35
Many of the early food allergies seen in infants are caused by ______. gallstones lactase deficiency absorption of whole proteins excessive absorption of fat
absorption of whole proteins
36
Which of the following is a condition affecting the large intestine that is NOT explained by anatomical or biochemical abnormalities? pernicious anemia a hiatal hernia irritable bowel syndrome celiac disease
irritable bowel syndrome
37
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system? salivary glands teeth tongue intestines
intestines
38
The major site for nutrient absorption is the ______. large intestine mouth small intestine stomach
small intestine
39
T/F The enteric nervous system is the in-house nerve supply of the alimentary canal.
True
40
The serous membrane that covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs is called the ______. parietal peritoneum mesentery visceral peritoneum omentum
visceral peritoneum
41
______ circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver.
Hepatic portal
42
serosa
protective outermost layer of the alimentary canal
43
mucosa
main site of nutrient absorption
44
submucosa
moderately dense connective tissue that has a rich supply of blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers
45
muscularis externa
responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
46
T/F Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins.
False
47
The permanent dentition consists of _____ teeth in a full set.
32
48
T/F A weak gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter can result in heartburn.
True
49
The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are ______. gastric phase, cephalic phase, intestinal phase cephalic phase, intestinal phase, gastric phase cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase intestinal phase, gastric phase, cephalic phase
cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase
50
The increased concentration of HCO3– in blood draining from the stomach is called _____. the alkaline tide the enterogastric reflex the gastric phase the chloride shift
the alkaline tide
51
The _____ is the first segment of the small intestine.
duodenum
52
Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the ______ of the small intestine. goblet cells microvilli villi circular folds
microvilli
53
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the liver? It has a role in detoxifying the blood. It is highly regenerative. It stores glucose as glycogen. It has three lobes.
It has three lobes.
54
______ is/are NOT found in pancreatic secretions. Procarboxypeptidase Chymotrypsinogen Bicarbonate ions Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
55
Pancreatic juice contains _____.
water, enzymes, and electrolytes (mainly bicarbonate ions)
56
Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are released by the ____.
small intestine
57
T/F Most digestion occurs in the small intestine.
True
58
Most water is absorbed in the ______.
small intestine
59
Bacterial flora in the large intestine does NOT produce ______. B vitamins intrinsic factor CO2 vitamin K
intrinsic factor
60
T/F Diarrhea results when food passes too quickly through the large intestine.
True
61
Pepsin enzymatically digests ______.
protein
62
T/F Someone on a fat-free diet would NOT efficiently absorb vitamin D from the diet.
True
63
The fat-soluble vitamins are ____.
A, D, E, and K
64
Which of the following are synonyms: A) Gastrointestinal tract B) Digestive system C) Digestive tract D) Alimentary canal
A) Gastrointestinal tract C) Digestive tract D) Alimentary canal
65
A digestive organ that is not part of the alimentary canal is the: ``` A) Stomach B) Liver C) Small intestine D) Large intestine E) Pharynx ```
B) Liver
66
The GI tube layer responsible for the actions of segmentation and peristalsis is: A) Serosa B) Mucosa C) Muscularis externa D) Submucosa
C) Muscularis externa
67
Which alimentary canal tunic has the greatest abundance of lymph nodules? A) Mucosa B) Muscualris C) Serosa D) Submucosa
D) Submucosa
68
Proteins secreted in saliva include: A) Mucin B) Amylase C) Lysozyme D) IgA
A) Mucin B) Amylase C) Lysozyme D) IgA
69
The closure of which valve is assisted by the diaphragm? A) Ileocecal B) Pyloric C) Gastroesophageal D) Upper esophageal
C) Gastroesophageal
70
Smooth muscle is found in the: A) Tongue B) Pharynx C) Esophagus D) External anal sphincter
C) Esophagus
71
Which of these organs lies in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen? A) Stomach B) Spleen C) Cecum D) Liver
D) Liver
72
Which phase of gastric secretion depend on the vagus nerve? A) Cephalic B) Gastric C) Intestinal (stimulatory) D) Intestinal (inhibitory)
A) Cephalic | B) Gastric
73
Which of the following are tied to sodium transport? A) Glucose B) Frustose C) Galactose D) Amino acids
A) Glucose C) Galactose D) Amino acids
74
Excess iron is stored primarily in the: A) Liver B) Bone marrow C) Duodenal epithelium D) Blood
C) Duodenal epithelium
75
A 3-year old girl was rewarded with a hug because she was toilet trained. Which muscle had she learned to control? A) Levator ani B) Internal anal sphincter C) Internal and external obliques D) External anal sphincter
D) External anal sphincter
76
Which cell type occurs in the stomach mucosa, contains abundant mitochondria and many microvilli, and pumps hydrogen ions? A) Absorptive cell B) Parietal cell C) Goblet cell D) Mucous neck cell
B) Parietal cell
77
Which of the following are "essential" nutrients? A) Glucose B) Linoleic acid C) Cholesterol D) Leucine
B) Linoleic acid | D) Leucine
78
Deficiency of which of these vitamins results in anemia? A) Thiamin B) Riboflavin C) Biotin D) Folic acid
D) Folic acid
79
Vitamins that acts as coenzymes in the Krebs cycle include: A) Riboflavin B) Niacin C) Biotin D) Pantothenic acid
A) Riboflavin B) Niacin C) Biotin D) Pantothenic acid
80
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during: A) Glycolysis B) Beta-oxidation C) Krebs cycle D) Electron transport
A) Glycolysis | C) Krebs cycle
81
Chemicals that can be used for gluconeogenesis include: A) Amino acids B) Glycerol C) Fatty acids D) Alpha-ketoglutaric acid
A) Amino acids | B) Glycerol
82
The chemiosmotic process involves: A) Buildup of hydrogen ion concentration B) Electron transport C) Oxidation and reduction D) ATP synthase
A) Buildup of hydrogen ion concentration B) Electron transport C) Oxidation and reduction D) ATP synthase
83
Only the liver functions to: A) Store iron B) Form urea C) Produce plasma proteins D) Form ketone bodies
B) Form urea | D) Form ketone bodies
84
Which events occur during the absorptive state? A) Use of amino acids as a major source of energy B) Lipogenesis C) Beta-oxidation D) Increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle
B) Lipogenesis | D) Increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle
85
Hormones that act to decrease blood glucose level include: A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Epinephrine D) Growth hormone
A) Insulin
86
During the postabsorptive state: A) Glycogenesis occurs in the liver B) Fatty acids are used for fuel C) Amino acids are converted to glucose D) Lipolysis occurs in the adipose tissue
B) Fatty acids are used for fuel C) Amino acids are converted to glucose D) Lipolysis occurs in the adipose tissue
87
Which transport particles carry cholesterol destined for excretion from the body? A) HDL B) Chylomicron C) LDL D) VLDL
A) HDL
88
Glucose can be converted to: A) Glycogen B) Triglycerides C) Nonessential amino acids D) Starch
A) Glycogen B) Triglycerides C) Nonessential amino acids
89
Basal metabolic rate: A) Is the lowest metabolic rate of the body B) Is the metabolic rate during sleep C) Is measured as kcal per sq. meter of skin per hour D) Increases with age
C) Is measured as kcal per sq. meter of skin per hour
90
Which of the following types of heat transfer involves heat loss in the form of infrared waves? A) Conduction B) Convection C) Evaporation D) Radiation
D) Radiation
91
PKU is the result of inability to metabolize: A) Tyrosine B) Melanin C) Ketone bodies D) Phenylalanine
D) Phenylalanine
92
The peritoneal cavity is a space containing ____ fluid.
Serous
93
Obstruction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter impairs digestion by reducing the availability of ____. A) bile and HCl B) HCl and intestinal juice C) pancreatic juice and intestinal juice D) pancreatic juice and bile
D) pancreatic juice and bile
94
The lamina propria forms part of the ___. A) muscularis externa B) submucosa C) serosa D) mucosa
D) mucosa
95
Carbohydrates are acted on by A) peptidases, trypsin, and chymtrypsin B) amylase, maltase, and sucrase C) lipases D) peptidases, lipases, and galactases
B) amylase, maltase, and sucrase
96
The parasympathetic nervous system influences digestion by ____. A) relaxing smooth muscle B) stimulating peristalsis C) constricting sphincters D) none of these
B) stimulating peristalsis
97
The digestive juice containing enzymes capable of digesting all four major food stuffs is ____. A) pancreatic B) gastric C) salivary D) biliary
A) pancreatic
98
The site of production of cholecystokinin is ____. A) the stomach B) the small intestine C) the pancreas D) the large intestine
B) the small intestine

SAC A&P II (19 decks)

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