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SAC A&P II > Ch. 20 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Ch. 20 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Which body region drains lymph into the right lymphatic duct?

A

Right upper limb

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2
Q

What is lymph?

A

Interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

Which lymphoid cells produce the lymphoid tissue stroma?

A

Reticular cells

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4
Q

Select the example of a primary lymphoid organ.

A) Thymus
B) Spleen
C) Lymph node
D) Appendix

A

Thymus

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5
Q

The primary lymphoid organs include the ___ and ___.

A

Thymus and red bone marrow

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6
Q

Where do B lymphocytes originate and mature?

A

Red bone marrow

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7
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

It removes bloodborne pathogens and old, defective red blood cells.

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8
Q

In addition to its blood-cleansing functions, the ____ also provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance.

A

Spleen

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9
Q

What region of the spleen is composed mostly of lymphocytes?

A

White pulp

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10
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches located?

A

Wall of the small intestine

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11
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Aggregated lymphoid nodules in the distal portion of the small intestine

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12
Q

Describe the Thymus.

A

It is the bi-lobed organ that is most prominent in newborns.

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13
Q

The ____ is the primary lymphoid organ.

A

Thymus

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14
Q

T cells originate in ____ and migrate to the ____.

A

Red bone marrow; Thymus

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15
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels transport ____ and fluid to the cardiovascular system.

A

leaked plasma proteins

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17
Q

The sac that often forms the initial portion of the thoracic duct is the ____?

A

Cisterna chyli

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18
Q

Entry of lymph into the lymphatic capillaries is promoted by:

A) One way mini-valves formed by overlapping endothelial cells
B) The respiratory pump
C) The skeletal muscle pump
D) Greater fluid pressure in the interstitial space

A

A) One way mini-valves formed by overlapping endothelial cells

D) Greater fluid pressure in the interstitial space

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19
Q

The structural framework of lymphoid organs is ____ tissue.

A

Reticular

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20
Q

Lymph nodes are densely clustered in all of the following regions except:

A) Brain
B) Axillae
C) Groin
D) Cervical region

A

A) Brain

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21
Q

The germinal centers in lymph nodes are largely sites of ?

A

Proliferating B lymphocytes

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22
Q

The red pulp areas of the spleen are sites of ?

A

Splenic sinusoids, macrophages, and red blood cells

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23
Q

The lymphoid organ that functions primarily during youth and begins to atrophy is the ?

A

Thymus

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24
Q

Collections of lymphoid tissue (MALT) that guard mucosal surfaces include all of the following except:

A) Appendix follicles
B) Tonsils
C) Peyer’s patches
D) Thymus

A

D) Thymus

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25
One of the major functions of the lymphatic system is ______.
maintaining blood volume
26
Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum of the small intestine are ______.
Peyer’s patches
27
Collections of lymphoid tissue that guard mucosal surfaces (MALT) include all the following EXCEPT ______. A) Tonsils B) Peyer's patches C) Appendix D) Thymus
Thymus
28
The thymus is the site of ____, not a tissue guarding mucosal surfaces.
T cell maturation
29
In addition to its lymphoid function, which organ holds a reservoir of platelets?
Spleen
30
What tissue composes the stroma of most lymphoid organs?
reticular connective tissue
31
Which structure, attached to the cecum, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall?
appendix
32
The appendix extends from the ___.
cecum
33
What lymphatic vessel collects interstitial fluid?
lymphatic capillary
34
What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?
lacteal
35
____ are located in the intestinal villi and absorb lipids.
Lacteals
36
What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral cavity?
palatine tonsils
37
The spleen’s white pulp is composed primarily of _______.
lymphocytes
38
Describe the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system.
capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts
39
Which statement is true of the thoracic duct? A) It forms from the merging of collecting vessels from the left upper limb and neck. B) It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg. C) It forms from the merging of collecting vessels on the right side of the body. D) It drains lymph only from the arms.
B) It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.
40
The lymphatic vessels form a ____ in which lymph flows only toward the heart.
one-way system
41
T cells develop in the ____.
thymus
42
While all lymphoid organs function in immunity, only __________ filter(s) lymph.
lymph nodes
43
Which of the following statements about the spleen is FALSE? A) It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident. B) If the spleen is removed, the liver will take over its function. C) In children under the age of 12 years old, the spleen will regenerate if a small piece is left in the body. D) The spleen’s capsule is very thin and can be ruptured easily by a direct blow.
It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.
44
____ transport interstitial fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood.
Lymphatics
45
Lymphangitis presents itself as _______.
red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch
46
Which of the following features is NOT common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins? A) a wall made of three tunic layers B) transport of chyle C) anatomical distributions of each vary among individuals D) the presence of valves
transport of chyle
47
When B lymphocytes are dividing rapidly, the _______ of the lymphoid tissue enlarge(s).
germinal centers
48
Trabeculae are extensions of _______.
the capsule
49
Large lymph capillaries in a lymph node spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers are known as ______.
lymph sinuses
50
Which of the following lymphatic trunks is unpaired? A) intestinal trunk B) bronchomediastinal trunk C) lumbar trunk D) jugular trunk
intestinal trunk
51
Which lymphatic structure may also be a site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?
spleen
52
Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as ______.
white pulp
53
A sentinel node is the first lymph node ______.
that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer
54
T/F Blood plasma and lymph are identical except for their respective locations in the body.
False. Lymph is more like interstitial fluid than plasma, except for lymph from the digestive organs, where it is a nutrient-rich fluid.
55
How are collecting lymphatic vessels different from veins?
Collecting lymphatic vessels have more internal valves than do veins.
56
All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the ______.
subclavian veins
57
Lymphatic vessels have a role in carrying ____, ____, and ____ to the blood.
tissue fluid, leaked proteins, and absorbed fats
58
What cell captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes?
Dendritic cells
59
The ____ is the single lymphoid organ that does not contain reticular connective tissue.
thymus
60
Structurally, lymph nodes have a ____, ____, and ____ that serve to filter lymph fluid
capsule, medullary cords, and sinuses
61
The exclusive role of the ____ is to foster T cell maturation.
thymus
62
T/F After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.
True
63
The ____ includes the Peyer's patches, the tonsils, the appendix, and the lymphoid follicles of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
64
EXCEPT for the ______, which is/are an endodermal derivative, the lymphoid organs develop from mesodermal mesenchymal cells.
Thymus
65
The clear fluid that flows unidirectionally within lymphatic vessels is called _____.
lymph
66
List six specific substances that are transported in the lymph.
1. Pathogens 2. Cancer cells 3. Plasma proteins 4. Water 5. Fats 6. Cell debris
67
After lymph flows through afferent lymphatic vessels, it will pass through small clusters of organs called ________, which function to "filter" lymph.
nodes
68
List six specific cells that function within lymph nodes.
1. Reticular cells 2. Dendritic cells 3. Plasma cells 4. Macrophages 5. B lymphocytes 6. T lymphocytes
69
After the lymph is "filtered" by the lymph nodes, does the lymph eventually return to the blood? (Yes or No)
Yes
70
What specific lymphatic duct does the lymph pass through to reach the left subclavian vein?
Thoracic duct
71
Specific proteins that play an integral role in adaptive immunity are called _______.
antibodies
72
Antibodies bind to and become activated in response to _______, which are foreign proteins.
antigens
73
T/F One antibody is able to respond to different types of antigens.
False
74
When an antigen enters the body, it triggers a(n) ________ response.
immune
75
Regarding the interaction between an antigen and its antibody, the ____ will bind to a unique ____ with the corresponding ____.
antigens; b cell; antibody
76
After the antigen binds to the antibody on the surface of the B cell, the B cell becomes activated and divides to form _______, which produce and secrete antibodies.
plasma cells
77
The division of specific B cells in response to a specific antigen is called _______.
clonal selection
78
Invading bacteria releases a ________ that is detected by the leukocyte.
chemoattractant
79
The ____ is a blood reservoir.
spleen
80
___ monitor the composition of lymph.
Lymph nodes
81
The ____ is located between the lungs at the base of the throat.
thymus
82
____ are collectively called MALT.
Peyer's patches & tonsils
83
____ prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall.
Peyer's patches
84
____ is the largest lymphatic organ.
The spleen
85
____ filters lymph.
Lymph nodes
86
____ is particularly large and important during youth and helps program T cells of the immune system.
The thymus
87
____ are found in the wall of the GI tract.
Peyer's patches
88
____ removes aged and defective red blood cells.
The spleen
89
Chyle flows into the ___, ___, ___, and ___.
1. Lacteals 2. Intestinal lymph nodes 3. Intestinal trunk 4. Cisterna chyli
90
The spleen functions to:
1. Remove aged RBC's 2. House lymphocytes 3. Store some blood components
91
What 3 characteristics are associated with the Thymus?
1. Providing immunocompetence 2. Hormone secretion 3. Atrophy later in life
92
___ lymphocytes mature in the thymus; ___ lymphocytes mature in the red bone marrow.
T & B
93
___ lymphocytes do not produce or secrete antibodies, but directly attack antigens.
T
94
___ lymphocytes produce antibodies.
B
95
Antibody function
Mark antigens for location by phagocytes or destroyed by cell lysis

SAC A&P II (19 decks)

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