Ch. 2 Colonizing America

Question 1

He led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec

Answer 1

Hernan Cortes

Question 2

He led the Spanish conquest of Cuba

Answer 2

Diego Velazquez

Question 3

What advantage did the Spanish have over the Aztecs?

Answer 3

technology - weapons (guns, swords, cannons)

Question 4

Aztec woman who became Cortes’s translator and advisor

Answer 4

Malinche

Question 5

leader of the Aztecs who tried to negotiate but was defeated by Cortes

Answer 5

Montezuma

Question 6

Spanish for “conqueror,” the men who led the expeditions to conquer the Americas

Answer 6

conquistador

Question 7

fort built by the Spanish

Answer 7

presidio

Question 8

low-ranking nobles who came to America as conquistadors

Answer 8

hidalgo

Question 9

system of rewarding conquistadors tracts of land, including the right to tax and exact labor from Native Americans

Answer 9

encomienda

Question 10

a huge ranch

Answer 10

hacienda

Question 11

men who herded cattle on haciendas

Answer 11

vaquero

Question 12

During the 1500s, explorers from ___ went to Mexico and Peru.

Answer 12

Spain

Question 13

In Mexico and Peru, Spanish explorers enslaved Native __, spread ___ and conquered two civilizations

Answer 13

Americans, disease

Question 14

Instead of conquering Native Americans, most settlers from ___ traded with them and learned their cultures

Answer 14

France

Question 15

the mythical water route through North America to the Pacific Ocean

Answer 15

Northwest Passage

Question 16

French fur traders who lived among the Native Americans

Answer 16

coureur de bois

Question 17

Spanish captain who overthrew the Incan ruler and tried to institute Christianity

Answer 17

Pizarro

Question 18

Native American religious leader who organized an uprising against the Spanish in 1680

Answer 18

Pope

Question 19

Italian explorer commissioned by England who discovered the coast of North America

Answer 19

John Cabot

Question 20

people who wanted to purify the Anglican Church

Answer 20

Puritans

Question 21

Queen of England 1533-1603, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

Answer 21

Elizabeth I

Question 22

organization in which many investors pool funds to raise large amounts of money for large projects

Answer 22

joint-stock company

Question 23

At one point, France gained a vast American territory named __

Answer 23

Louisiana

Question 24

What three groups of people in England were most interested in exploring the New World?

Answer 24

Puritans (place to practice their religion); poor and unemployed (new opportunities); merchants (new markets)

Question 25

privately owned ship licensed by the government to attack ships of other countries

Answer 25

privateer

Question 26

English explorer who landed in N. America and named that land Virginia in honor of the queen (the Virgin Queen)

Answer 26

Walter Raleigh

Question 27

first permanent English settlement in N. America

Answer 27

Jamestown

Question 28

first English colony in North America; it mysteriously vanished

Answer 28

Roanoke

Question 29

the crop that saved Jamestown

Answer 29

tobacco

Question 30

English colony founded to give Catholics a place to practice their religion

Answer 30

Maryland

Question 31

system that granted settlers land in exchange for settling in Virginia

Answer 31

headright

Question 32

a colony owned by an individual

Answer 32

proprietary colony

Question 33

a Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church

Answer 33

Separatist

Question 34

a Separatist who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom

Answer 34

Pilgrim

Question 35

person whose religious beliefs differ from the beliefs of the majority

Answer 35

heretic

Question 36

one of Plymouth Colony's leaders

Answer 36

William Bradford

Question 37

Native American who taught Pilgrims about their new environment

Answer 37

Squanto

Question 38

originally a business investment which became a refuge for Puritans

Answer 38

Massachusetts Bay Company

Question 39

opposition to war or violence as a means to settle disputes

Answer 39

pacifism

Question 40

struggle between King Charles I of England and Parliament, largely consisting of Puritans

Answer 40

English Civil War

Question 41

law that granted religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland and was intended to protect the Catholics from Protestants

Answer 41

Maryland Toleration Act

Question 42

English colony whose charter emphasized religious freedom with separation of church and state

Answer 42

Rhode Island

Question 43

English colony that was ruled by strict Protestants and had restrictive laws

Answer 43

Massachusetts

Question 44

After the ____, England was interested in colonization again

Answer 44

English Civil War

Question 45

England seized the successful Dutch colony of New ___ and renamed it New ___; the rest became New Jersey

Answer 45

Netherlands; York

Question 46

A portion of New Netherlands became New York, but the rest became New __

Answer 46

Jersey

Question 47

The king granted William Penn a ___ to found ___

Answer 47

charter; Pennsylvania

Question 48

William Penn's religion

Answer 48

Quaker

Question 49

William Penn wanted to start a colony with complete political and religious __

Answer 49

freedom

Question 50

Part of Penn's territory later became a colony called __

Answer 50

Delaware

Question 51

after years of turmoil, England restored the monarchy with Charles II

Answer 51

Restoration