ch. 21 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
systemic blood vessels transport blood
a. from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium
b. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
c. from the right ventricle to the body to the left atrium
d. from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium
e. from the left ventricle to the lungs
A
from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
2
Q
blood is moved through the vascular system by
a. valves in the wall of the blood vessels
b. peristalsis caused by smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls
c. pressure gradients created by the heart
d. osmotic pressure
e. viscosity of the blood
A
pressure gradients created by the heart
3
Q
which function does the circulatory system share with the heart
a. directs blood flow to tissues
b. exchanges nuitrients and wastes
c. transports hormones to all areas of the body
d. regulates blood pressure
A
regulates blood pressure
4
Q
what is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart
a. arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule
b. capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule
c. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
d. vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule
e. artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein
A
artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
5
Q
which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial space
a. the thinness of the capillary wall
b. minimal branching in the capillary bed
c. increased blood velocity through the cappilaries
d. the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
e. the stratification of the capillary wall
A
the thinnes of the capillary wall
6
Q
the linging of the capillary is called the
a. endothelium
b. adventitia
c. precapillary layer
d. thoroughfare layer
e. tunica adventitia
A
endothelium
7
Q
the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of
a. veins
b. arteries
c. arterioles
d. capillaries
e. venules
A
capillaries
8
Q
which of the following is NOT a pericapillary cell found in capillaires
a. macrophages
b. neurons
c. undifferentiated smooth muscle cells
d. fibroblasts
A
neurons
9
Q
continuous capillaries
a. have many thin areas called fenestrae
b. are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones
c. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together
d. are more permeable than fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaires
e. are characterized by continuous pores
A
have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together
10
Q
which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries
a. spleen
b. kidney
c. bone marrow
d. muscle
e. pancreas
A
kidney
11
Q
which type of capillaries have large fenestrae and are found in endocrine glands
a. sinusoidal capillaries
b. continuous capillaries
c. fenestrated capillaries
d. sinusoids
A
sinusoidal capillaries
12
Q
which type of capillary has the largest diameter
a. sinusoids
b. continuous capillaries
c. sinusoidal capillaries
d. venous sinuses
e. fenestrated capillaries
A
venous sinuses
13
Q
capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers
a. oxygen and carbon dioxide
b. electrolytes
c. glucose
d. proteins
e. small water-soluble molecules
A
proteins
14
Q
precapillary spincters
a. serve as valves in veins
b. are found in the tunica media
c. carry blood under high pressure
d. control the blood flow into capillary beds
e. are voluntary structures
A
control the blood flow into capillary beds
15
Q
which statement is CORRECT
a. for an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein would have a thicker wall
b. veins contain valves and arteries do not
c. blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins
d. when empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed (flattened) than a vein
e. both arteries and veins are under pressure
A
veins contain valves and arteries do not
16
Q
which kind of vessels provides a bypass for a capillary bed
a. sinusoid
b. portal vein
c. thoroughfare channel
d. casa casorum
e. metarteriole
A
thoroughfare channel
17
Q
which statemnt about precapillary spincters is CORRECT
a. they contract when oxygen levels in the tissue are low
b. they can close off the capillaries by contracting
c. they are openings that allow large molecules and blood cells to leave the capillary
d. when the precapillary spincters are open, blood flows only through the thoroughfate channels
e. they are voluntary
A
the can colse off the capillaries by contracting
18
Q
in a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary spincter
a. causes more blood flow through thoroughfare channels
b. causes less blood to flow through capillaries
c. occcurs when the tissue in the area does not need more oxygen
d. is voluntary
e. occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen
A
occurs when the tissue in the area need more oxygen
19
Q
a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(an)
a. venous sinus
b. arteriouvenous anastomosis
c. metarteriole
d. aterial capillary
A
arteriovenous anastomosis
20
Q
what structure helps to regulate body temperature
a. glomus
b. tunic
c fenestrae
d. metarteriole
A
glomus
21
Q
which coat of an artery contains endothelium
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica adventitia
d. tunica elastica
e. tunica intermedia
A
tunica intma
22
Q
which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaires
a. thermoregulation
b. nutrient supply to tissues
c. removal of metbolic waster products from tissues
d. oxygen supply to tissues
e. pH regulation
A
thermoregulation
23
Q
arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tuncica adventitia
d. tunica externa
e. tunica interna
A
tunica media
24
Q
which of the following statemetns concerning blood vessel walls is true
a. the tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall
b. the tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins
c. the tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium
d. capillaries have both tunica intima and a tunica media
e. vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima
A
the tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall
25
the blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the
a. arterioles
b. capillaries
c. elastic arteries
d. veins
e. venules
elastic arteries
26
which of the following best describes arteries
a. strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure
b. thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure
c. elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
d. fragile vessels that are prone to rupture
e. strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure
strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure
27
distributing arteries
a. contain a lot of elastic tissue
b. contain a thick tunica media
c. are strong, rigid vessels
d. transport blood from arterioles to capillaries
e. do not contain smooth muscle in thier wall
contain a thick tunica media
28
from the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct
a. muscular artery, arteriole elastic artery, capillary
b. arteriole muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary
c. elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary
d. elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary
e. distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary
elastic artery, muscular artery, arteroile, capillary
29
valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large
a. arteries
b. arterioles
c. capillaries
d. venules
e. veins
veins
30
when contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true
a. veins have thicker walls than arteries
b. arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins
c. veins have tunica media while arteries do not
d. arteries have valves, but veins do not
e. arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not
arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins
31
veins
a. carry blood away from the heart
b. carry blood under very high pressure
c. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium
d. are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood
e. have thick, many layered walls
may contain valves and are lined with endothelium
32
the structure of a capillary wall differs from tha tof a vein or artery because
a. the capillary wall has only two tunics
b. capillaries have more smooth muscle
c. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane
d. capillaries can constrict or dilate
e. capillaries are impermeable to all substances
capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane
33
the vasa vasorum
a. are incompetent valves in the large veins
b. are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins
c. are the blood vessels that supply blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferens
d. are blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins
e. supply blood to skeletal muscle
are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins
34
which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks
a. portal veins
b. venous
c. venules
d. vaso vasorum
portal veins
35
sympathetic nerve dibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica adventitia
d. tunica externa
e. tunica interna
tunica media
36
arteriosclerosis is characterized by
a. a thickening of the tunica adventitia
b. increased elasticity of the tunica media
c. decreased resistance to blood flow
d. an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel
e. thickening of the tunica intma and loss of elasticity in the tunica media
thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media
37
atherosclerosis is the
a. hypertrophy of the tunica intima
b. stretching of arterial walls
c. inflammation of veins
d. deposition of plaques in arterial walls
deposition of plaques in arterial walls
38
in the pulmonary circulation, the ____ carry blood to the lungs
a. carotid sinuses
b. pulmonary arteries
c. coronary arteries
d. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
e. aorta
pulmonary arteries
39
systemic circulation
a. carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
b. includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway
c. includes the aorta and all of its branches
d. ends in capillaries of the toes
e. includes blood flow to the body, but not the brain
includes the aorta and all of its branches
40
the first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the
a. coronary arteries
b. brachiocephalic arteries
c. common carotid arteries
d. subclavian arteries
e. pulmonary arteries
coronary arteries
41
which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch
a. branchiocephalic artery
b. coronary artery
c. pulmonary artery
d. right subclavian artery
e. right common carotid artery
brachiocephalic artery
42
thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures
a. right arm
b. right side of the brain
c. left side of the brain
d. left arm
e. both the right arm and the right side of the brain
both the right arm and the right side of the brain
43
a thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the
a. left side or the head and neck
b. myocardium of the heart
c. right side of the head and neck and right upper extremity
d. left upper extremity
e. right arm
left side of the head and neck
44
which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain
a. radial artery
b. cephalic artery
c. internal carotid artery
d. external jugular vein
e. exillary artery
internal carotid artery
45
tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, blood leaves the heart, passes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, right subclavian arter, axillary and brachial artiers, either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand. which artery is missing in this sequence
a. cephalic artery
b. jugular artery
c. brachiocephalic artery
d. right common carotid artery
e. left subclavian artery
brachiocephalic
46
which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?
a. anterior communicating artery
b. posterior cerebellar artery
c. posterior communicating artery
d. anterior cerebral artery
e. internal carotid artery
posterior cerebellar artery
47
the three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the
a. brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries
b. brachial, axillary, and radial arteries
c. subclavian, axillary, and radial arteries
d. subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries
e. cephalic, basilic, and brachial arteries
subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries
48
which of the following thorascic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thorascic aorta
a. the heart
b. the lungs
c. the esophagus
d. the intercostal muscles
e. the thymus gland
the intercostal muscles
49
which of the following blood vessels supplies blood to the diaphragm
a. axillary artery
b. intercostal artery
c. superior phrenic artery
d. inferior messenteric artery e. gastric artery
superior phrenic artery
50
which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver
a. celiac artery
b. superior mesenteric artery
c. inferior mesenteric artery
d. renal artery
e. splenic artery
celiac artery
51
what artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon
a. inferior phrenic artery
b. lumbar artery
c. superior mesenteric artery
d. inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
52
the kidneys are supplied by the
a. renal arteries
b. suprarenal arteries
c. lumbar arteries
d. inferior mesenteric arteries
renal arteries
53
the abdominal aorta divides the L5 to form the two
a. inferior mesenteric arteries
b. common iliac arteries
c. superior mesenteric arteries
d. femoral arteries
e. renal arteries
common iliac arteries
54
the visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the
a. external genitalia
b. urinary bladder, rectum, and reporductive organs
c. lower leg
d. anterior abdominal wall
e. lumbar and gluteal muscles
urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
55
the posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the
a. popliteal artery
b. fermoral artery
c. iliac artery
d. peroneal artery
e. fibular artery
popliteal artery
56
the anterior tibial artery becomes the
a. posterior tibial artery
b. dorsalis pedis artery
c. femoral artery
d. plantar artery
e. fibular artery
dorsalis pedis artery
57
one of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. to check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the
a. ankle
b. wrist
c. groin
d. neck
e. foot
foot
58
the venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the
a. cephalic vein
b. internal jugular vein
c. internal carotid vein
d. brachiocephalic vein
e. carotid artery
internal jugular vein
59
the internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the
a. superior vena cavae
b. axillary veins
c. brachiocephalic veins
d. azygos veins
e. external jugular veins
brachiocephalic veins
60
which of the following veins is NOT involved in draining blood from the arm
a. brachial vein
b. basilic vein
c. cephalic vein
d. median cubital vein
median cubital vein
61
which of the following veins is a superficial vein
a. brachial vein
b. basilic vein
c. radial vein
d. subclavian vein
e. ulnar vein
subclavian vein
62
the azygos vein drains blood from the ____ into the superior vena cava
a. head
b. upper arm
c. kidneys
d. thorax
e. abdominal wall
thorax
63
the hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the
a. superior mesenteric vein
b. inferior mesenteric vein
c. hepatic vein
d. renal vein
e. gastric vein
superior mesenteric vein
64
which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system
a. azygos vein
b. inferior vena cava
c. gastric vein
d. inferior mesenteric vein
e. both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein
both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein
65
the hepartic portal system
a. begins and ends with capillary beds
b. transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver
c. allows the liver to detoxify substances entering the body through the digestive tract
d. has no pumping mechanism between the capillary beds
e. all of these choices are correct
all of these choices are correct
66
the _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with the capillaries in the liver
a. superior mesenteric system
b. celiac system
c. hepatic portal system
d. hepatic vein
e. splenic system
hepatic portal system
67
which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true
a. the innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity
b. laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction
c. the outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow
d. in laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity
e. it makes lots of different noises
the outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow
68
the auscultatory method of measuring bllod pressure
a. relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured
b. monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure
c. involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer
d. relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope
e. relies on hearing the sounds made by laminar flow of the blood
d. relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope
69
when measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent
a. while the left ventricle is contracting
b. when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is greater than systolic but less than the diastolic pressure
c. when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is greater than the diastolic pressure
d. when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is less than the diastolic pressure
e. when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure
when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure
70
which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow
a. a decrease in the length of the vessel
b. a decrease in the number of red blood cells
c. a decrease in blood viscosity
d. a decrease in the radius of the vessel
e .a decreased hematocrit
a decrease in the radius of the vessel
71
resistance in the cardiovascular system
a. tends to increase if blood viscosity increases
b. tends to decrease as the diameter of blood vessels decreases
c. dramatically increases blood flow through the circulatory system
d. is directly related to flow (R flow)
e. does not occur. if it did, blood would not circulate in the blood vessels
tends to increase if blood viscosity increases
72
as viscosity of the blood increases
a. the pressure required to force it to flow increases
b. the pressure required to force it to flow decreases
c. the fluid becomes thinner
d. the hematocrit decreases
e. the flow does not change
the pressure required to force it to flow increases
73
according to Poiseuille's law, a small decrease in the diameter of a vessel will
a. dramatically decrease blood flow
b. slightly decrease blood flow
c. not affect blood flow
d. slightly increase blood flow
e. dramatically increase blood flow
dramatically decrease blood flow
74
the greater the compliance the
a. greater the resistance generated in the vessel
b. more easily the vessel wall stretches
c. longer the blood vessel will measure
d. higher the blood pressure will be
e. less the elasticity of the vessel
more easily the vessel wall stretches
75
which of the following acts as a storage area for blood
a. the aorta
b. the veins
c. capillaries
d. arteriorles
e. the arteries
the veins
76
in the aorta
a. the blood pressure and blood veolcity are both high
b. the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low
c. the resistance to blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low
d. the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low
e. velocity is diminished because the total cross-sectional area is small
the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high
77
arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to
a. increase
b. decrease
c. increase, then decrease
d. decrease then increase
e. remain the same
increase
78
if someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be
a. 110 mm Hg
b. 70 mm Hg
c. 40 mm Hg
d. 180 mm Hg
e. 90 mm Hg
40 mm Hg
79
what creates the pulse
a. the siastole of the ventricles
b. ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
c. the compliance of the arteries
d. constriction of the arterioles
ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
80
what is the most important means by which capillary exchange occurs
a. exocytosis
b. diffusion
c. ATP powered pumps
d. facilitated diffusion
diffusion
81
when blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is
a. a net movement of fluid into the capillary
b. a net movement of fluid out of the caillary
c. less lymph formed
d. a decrease in the volume of the interstitial fluid
e. a decreased likelihood of edema
a net movement of fluid out of the capillary
82
a force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is
a. blood pressure
b. negative interstitial pressure
c. blood colloid osmotic pressure
d. venous pressure
e. active transport
blood colloid osmotic pressure
83
which of the following is LESS likely to result in edema
a. increase in capillary permeability
b. reduced plasma colloid osmostic pressure
c. blockage of veins
d. increased mean arterial pressure
e. loss of protein molecules in urine through the kidneys
increased mean arterial pressure
84
in which of the following clinical situations would you expect edema
a. shock (which is accompanied by low blood pressure)
b. burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)
c. dehydration (which results in low blood pressure)
d. vomiting (which leads to a decreased plasma volume)
e. diarrhea (which leads to a decreased blood volume)
burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)
85
incapillary exchange, which of the following statements is true
a. most fluid that leaces the arterial end of capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary
b. interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma
c. constriction of the precapillary spincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary
d. interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than plasma protein concentration
e. most fluid that leaces the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system
most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary
86
increased venous tone will
a. relax the veins
b. help return blood to the heart
c. allow blood to pool in the veins
d. stabilize blood velocity in the veins
e. dilate the veins
help return blood to the heart
87
which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary spincter
a. decreased tissue metabolism
b. decreased oxygen levels in tissue vells served by the capillary
c. decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed
d. decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed
e. decreased nitric acid levels
decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary
88
which of the following is NOT a vasodilator substance produced in the extracellular fluid
a. ATP
b. lactic acid
c. ADP
d. cardon dioxide
ATP
89
which of the following events would cause a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure
a. an increase in ADH production
b. release of atrial natriuretic factor
c. constriction of blood vessels in the skin
d. activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism
e. an increase in aldosterone production
release of atrial natriuretic
90
when blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. which of the following is one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure
a. baroreceptorsa re stimulated
b. action potential frequency to the cardioregulatory center of brain decreases
c. sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases
d. heart rate increases
e. an increase in number of action potential in the cardiac nerve
baroreceptors are stimulated
91
when there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by the way of the
a. baroreceptor mechanism
b. chemoreceptor mechanism
c. CNS ischemic mechanism
d. stress-relaxation mechanism
e. adrenal medullary mechanism
baroreceptor mechanism
92
increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the aortic arch reflex and cause
a. a decrease in the frequency of action potentials from the aortic baroreceptors
b. increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
c. vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels increasing the blood pressure
d. increased ADH secretion
e. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
93
peripheral chemoreceptors
a. are located in the aortic and carotid bodies
b. are sensitive to small changes in oxygen levels in the blood
c. monitor blood pressure
d. are not sensitive to carbon dioxide or hydrogen ion levels
e. are not sensitive to changes in pH of the blood
are located in the aortic and carotid bodies
94
which of the follow hormones does NOT influence blood pressure
a. ADH
b. epinephrine
c. atrial natriuretic hormone
d. aldosterone
e. growth hormone
growth hormone
95
which of the following is NOT involved in short-term regulation of blood pressure
a. baroreceptor reflex
b. adrenal medullary mechanism
c. alteration in blood volume
d. chemoreceptor mechanism
alteration in blood volume
96
which of the following is NOT a long-term regulator of blood pressure
a. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
b. vasopressin mechanism
c. stress-relaxation response d. oxygen tension response
oxygen tension response
97
angiotensin II
a. causes vasoconstriction
b. stimulates the adrenal cortex to release ADH
c. is released in response to high blood pressure
d. is responsible for increasing urine output
e. stimulates peripheral vasodilation
causes vasoconstriction
98
which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease
a. angiotensin II (active angiotensin)
b. aldosterone
c. ADH
d. vasopressin
e. atrial natriuretic hormone
atrial natriuretic hormone
98
which of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys
a. an increase in vasodilator secretion
b. an increase in urine output
c. an increase in blood volume
d. a decrease in aldosterone
e. a decrease in blood pressure
an increase in blood volume
99
in which of the following would you detect a weak pulse
a. hypertension
b. hemorrhagic shock
c. fluid excess
d. increased stroke volume
e. a healthy young person
hemorrhagic shock
100
hormones from the adrenal medulla
a. are released in response to parasympathetic stimulation
b. cause vasodilation in blood vessels of the skin
c. decreased the heart rate
d. cause an increase in stroke volume
e. are released in response to vagal stimulation
cause an increase in stroke volume
101
in response to circulatory shock
a. the body decreases ADH secretion
b. the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated
c. atrial natriuretic factor is released
d. the vasomotor center is inhibited
e. the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are inactivated
the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated
102
if a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. this mechanism causes
a. water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid
b. water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces
c. water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries
d. increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output
e. water to stay inside the capillaries
water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces
103
atrial natriuretic factor
a. is released in response to elevated atrial pressure
b. stimulates the release of ADH
c. decreased urine production
d. stimulates release of aldosterone
e. increases blood volume
is released in response to elevated atrial pressure
104
105
Art is 75. he has advanced arteriosclerosis. he is suffering from a number of manifestations, which are consistent with his arteriosclerosis. over the past several years he has developed hypertension and he is beginning to show signs to show signs of renal failture. which of the following are consistent with his condition
a. increased resistance to blood flow
b. increased renin secretion from the kidneys
c. increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
d. increased angiotensinogen formation
a. all of these choices is correct
all of these choices is correct
106
urine output usually decreases when a person is in shock. this is the result of
a. decreased ADH secretion
b. increased renin secretion
c. increased secretion of atril natriuretic factor
d. decreased vasoconstriction due to the stress relaxation response
e. decreased aldosterone secretion
increased renin secretion
107
compensatory shock is characterized by a narrowed pulse pressure. which of the following blood pressure readings is an example of a narrowed pulse pressure
a. 99/40
b. 70/20
c. 92/64
d. 82/40
e. 100/50
92/64
108
most of the exchange of nutrients and waste products that occurs between the blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the walls of the _____
capillaries
109
the pelvic area is supplied with blood from the _____ arteries
internal iliac
110
_____ ______ is a measure of the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel walls
blood pressure
111
the maintenance of blood flow by tissue is called:
autoregulation
112
the vasomotor center is located in the ____ and _____ ______
pons; medulla oblangata
113
the innermost layer of a blood layer of a blood vessel wall if the tunica:
intima
114
the _____ arteries branch from the ascending aorta
coronary
115
the pelvic area is supplied with blood from the _____ arteries
internal iliac
