Ch 25 Mediastinum Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

The mediastinum is the space between the right and left _ of the thorax.

A

pleura

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2
Q

“media” in latin means

A

middle

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3
Q

“instestinum” in latin means

A

intestine

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4
Q

The mediastinum is considered the _ space.

A

interpleural

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5
Q

T/F The mediastinum contains all organs of the thorax.

A

False, excluding the lungs

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6
Q

The pleura is a thin, _ membrane found in the thoracic cavity on both the right and left sides.

A

serous

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7
Q

The pleura is divided in to 2 parts:

A

Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura

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8
Q

The pleura is double layered; the inner layer is the _ and the outer layer is the _ _ layer.

A

Mesothelium
Connective Tissue Layer

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9
Q

The visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs at all points except the _ (where all structures enter or leave lungs)

A

hilus

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10
Q

The visceral pleura dips into the _ that separate the lobes of the lungs.

A

fissures

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11
Q

T/F The visceral pleura is very sensitive to pain, containing many nerves.

A

False, the visceral pleura is insensitive and contains very few nerves

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12
Q

Visceral pleura’s arterial supply comes from the _ arteries which are direct branches of the _ _ _.

A

bronchial arteries
descending thoracic aorta

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13
Q

Parietal pleura is the pleura lining the inner surface of the _ _, _, and _.

A

thoracic wall
diaphragm
mediastinum

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14
Q

T/F The parietal pleura is insensitive to pain and lacks nerves.

A

False, it is sensitive to pain and has many nerve fibers

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15
Q

The parietal pleura’s arterial supply comes from the posterior _ arteries and the internal _ arteries aka the internal _ arteries

A

Posterior Intercostal Arteries
Internal Thoracic Arteries (aka Internal Mammary Arteries)

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16
Q

The 4 parts of the parietal pleura include:

A

Costal Parietal Pleura
Cupolar (Cervical) Parietal Pleura
Diaphragmic Parietal Pleura
Mediastinal Parietal Pleura

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17
Q

The costal parietal pleura lines the _, the _, and the _ muscles.

A

sternum
ribs
intercostal

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18
Q

The cupolar parietal pleura courses over the _ of the lung and reaches to the _ of the first rib.

A

Apex
Neck

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19
Q

The diaphragmatic parietal pleura covers the _ surface of the diaphragm.

A

upper

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20
Q

The mediastinal parietal pleura forms the lateral boundaries of the mediastinum and lines the _ and _ surfaces of the pericardium.

A

outer
lateral

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21
Q

Areas where 2 parts of parietal pleura join (not lung) are called recesses of which there are 2:

A

Costomediastinal Recess
Costodiaphragmatic Recess

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22
Q

The costomediastinal recess is a reflection of parietal pleura at the junction of _ and _ pleura.

A

costal and mediastinal

23
Q

The costomediastinal recess is filled by the _ border of the lung during strenuous breathing.

24
Q

The costodiaphragmic recess is a reflection of the parietal pleura at the junction of _ and _ pleura.

A

costal and diaphragmic

25
The costodiaphragmic recess is filled by the _ border of the lung during strenuous breathing.
inferior
26
The pleural cavity is the space between the _ and _ pleura.
Visceral Parietal
27
The pleural cavity is maintained at a state of continuous _ pressure
negative
28
T/F The pleural space lacks capillaries and is filled with air.
False, it is filled with a thin fluid and is capillary dense
29
The negative pressure in the pleural cavity keeps the _ pleura and the lung adjacent to the _ pleura ( and thus to the thoracic wall and diaphragm)
visceral pleura parietal pleura
30
Due to negative pressure in the pleural cavity, any movement in the _ _ and _ will result in corresponding movement of the lung
thoracic wall and diaphragm
31
If negative pressure is lost in the pleural cavity the lung would collapse due to its inherent _ ( causing internal _ fibers to shorten).
elasticity elastic
32
Collapse of a lung is called _ and the presence of air in the pleural cavity is called _.
atelectasis pneumothorax
33
The mediastinum is defined as the space between the right and left _ _.
Mediastinal Pleura
34
The mediastinum extends from the _ anteriorly to the _ _ posteriorly.
sternum vertebral column
35
The mediastinum extends from the level of the _ _ superiorly to the _ inferiorly.
Thoracic Inlet Diaphragm
36
The mediastinum contains 4 parts:
Anterior Mediastinum Superior Mediastinum Middle Mediastinum Posterior Mediastinum
37
The anterior mediastinum contains (2 items):
Loose Connective Tissue Thymus
38
The superior mediastinum contains (9 items):
Thymus Great Vessels (Aorta, SVC, Pulm Trunk) Brachiocephalic Veins Trachea Esophagus (25cm long) Thoracic Duct Vagus Nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve Phrenic Nerve Azygos Vein (drains blood from posterior thoracic wall into the SVC)
39
The middle mediastinum contains (4 items):
Heart Great Vessels Pericardium Phrenic Nerve
40
The posterior mediastinum contains (6 items):
Thoracic Aorta Esophagus Thoracic Duct Vagus Nerve Azygos Vein Sympathetic Trunk
41
The _ are the only structures not found in the mediastinum
lungs
42
The great vessels are found in which 2 mediastina?
Superior and Middle Mediastina
43
The thymus is found in which 2 mediastina?
Anterior and Superior Mediastina
44
The thoracic duct, esophagus, vagus nerve, and azygos vein are found in which 2 mediastina?
Superior and Posterior Mediastina
45
The phrenic nerve is found in which 2 mediastina?
Superior and Middle Mediastina
46
The diaphragm forms the _ boundary of the thorax.
inferior
47
The diaphragm's origin is:
periphery posterior to the xiphoid process lower 6 ribs posterior abdominal wall
48
The diaphragm's insertion is into:
central tendon
49
The diaphragm's action is:
inspiration
50
The diaphragm is innervated by:
phrenic nerve
51
The diaphragm has 3 openings and they are found at:
TV8 TV10 TV12
52
The diaphragmic opening found at TV8 is the _ opening for the inferior _ _
caval opening IVC
53
The diaphragmic opening found at TV10 is the _ _ for the esophagus and CN _, _ nerve
esophageal hiatus CN X Vagus
54
The diaphragmic opening found at TV12 is the _ hiatus for the _.
Aortic Hiatus Aorta