Ch 25 Mediastinum

Question 1

The mediastinum is the space between the right and left _ of the thorax.

Answer 1

pleura

Question 2

“media” in latin means

Answer 2

middle

Question 3

“instestinum” in latin means

Answer 3

intestine

Question 4

The mediastinum is considered the _ space.

Answer 4

interpleural

Question 5

T/F The mediastinum contains all organs of the thorax.

Answer 5

False, excluding the lungs

Question 6

The pleura is a thin, _ membrane found in the thoracic cavity on both the right and left sides.

Answer 6

serous

Question 7

The pleura is divided in to 2 parts:

Answer 7

Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura

Question 8

The pleura is double layered; the inner layer is the _ and the outer layer is the _ _ layer.

Answer 8

Mesothelium
Connective Tissue Layer

Question 9

The visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs at all points except the _ (where all structures enter or leave lungs)

Answer 9

hilus

Question 10

The visceral pleura dips into the _ that separate the lobes of the lungs.

Answer 10

fissures

Question 11

T/F The visceral pleura is very sensitive to pain, containing many nerves.

Answer 11

False, the visceral pleura is insensitive and contains very few nerves

Question 12

Visceral pleura’s arterial supply comes from the _ arteries which are direct branches of the _ _ _.

Answer 12

bronchial arteries
descending thoracic aorta

Question 13

Parietal pleura is the pleura lining the inner surface of the _ _, _, and _.

Answer 13

thoracic wall
diaphragm
mediastinum

Question 14

T/F The parietal pleura is insensitive to pain and lacks nerves.

Answer 14

False, it is sensitive to pain and has many nerve fibers

Question 15

The parietal pleura’s arterial supply comes from the posterior _ arteries and the internal _ arteries aka the internal _ arteries

Answer 15

Posterior Intercostal Arteries
Internal Thoracic Arteries (aka Internal Mammary Arteries)

Question 16

The 4 parts of the parietal pleura include:

Answer 16

Costal Parietal Pleura
Cupolar (Cervical) Parietal Pleura
Diaphragmic Parietal Pleura
Mediastinal Parietal Pleura

Question 17

The costal parietal pleura lines the _, the _, and the _ muscles.

Answer 17

sternum
ribs
intercostal

Question 18

The cupolar parietal pleura courses over the _ of the lung and reaches to the _ of the first rib.

Answer 18

Apex
Neck

Question 19

The diaphragmatic parietal pleura covers the _ surface of the diaphragm.

Answer 19

upper

Question 20

The mediastinal parietal pleura forms the lateral boundaries of the mediastinum and lines the _ and _ surfaces of the pericardium.

Answer 20

outer
lateral

Question 21

Areas where 2 parts of parietal pleura join (not lung) are called recesses of which there are 2:

Answer 21

Costomediastinal Recess
Costodiaphragmatic Recess

Question 22

The costomediastinal recess is a reflection of parietal pleura at the junction of _ and _ pleura.

Answer 22

costal and mediastinal

Question 23

The costomediastinal recess is filled by the _ border of the lung during strenuous breathing.

Answer 23

anterior

Question 24

The costodiaphragmic recess is a reflection of the parietal pleura at the junction of _ and _ pleura.

Answer 24

costal and diaphragmic

Question 25

The costodiaphragmic recess is filled by the _ border of the lung during strenuous breathing.

Answer 25

inferior

Question 26

The pleural cavity is the space between the _ and _ pleura.

Answer 26

Visceral Parietal

Question 27

The pleural cavity is maintained at a state of continuous _ pressure

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

T/F The pleural space lacks capillaries and is filled with air.

Answer 28

False, it is filled with a thin fluid and is capillary dense

Question 29

The negative pressure in the pleural cavity keeps the _ pleura and the lung adjacent to the _ pleura ( and thus to the thoracic wall and diaphragm)

Answer 29

visceral pleura parietal pleura

Question 30

Due to negative pressure in the pleural cavity, any movement in the _ _ and _ will result in corresponding movement of the lung

Answer 30

thoracic wall and diaphragm

Question 31

If negative pressure is lost in the pleural cavity the lung would collapse due to its inherent _ ( causing internal _ fibers to shorten).

Answer 31

elasticity elastic

Question 32

Collapse of a lung is called _ and the presence of air in the pleural cavity is called _.

Answer 32

atelectasis pneumothorax

Question 33

The mediastinum is defined as the space between the right and left _ _.

Answer 33

Mediastinal Pleura

Question 34

The mediastinum extends from the _ anteriorly to the _ _ posteriorly.

Answer 34

sternum vertebral column

Question 35

The mediastinum extends from the level of the _ _ superiorly to the _ inferiorly.

Answer 35

Thoracic Inlet Diaphragm

Question 36

The mediastinum contains 4 parts:

Answer 36

Anterior Mediastinum Superior Mediastinum Middle Mediastinum Posterior Mediastinum

Question 37

The anterior mediastinum contains (2 items):

Answer 37

Loose Connective Tissue Thymus

Question 38

The superior mediastinum contains (9 items):

Answer 38

Thymus Great Vessels (Aorta, SVC, Pulm Trunk) Brachiocephalic Veins Trachea Esophagus (25cm long) Thoracic Duct Vagus Nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve Phrenic Nerve Azygos Vein (drains blood from posterior thoracic wall into the SVC)

Question 39

The middle mediastinum contains (4 items):

Answer 39

Heart Great Vessels Pericardium Phrenic Nerve

Question 40

The posterior mediastinum contains (6 items):

Answer 40

Thoracic Aorta Esophagus Thoracic Duct Vagus Nerve Azygos Vein Sympathetic Trunk

Question 41

The _ are the only structures not found in the mediastinum

Answer 41

lungs

Question 42

The great vessels are found in which 2 mediastina?

Answer 42

Superior and Middle Mediastina

Question 43

The thymus is found in which 2 mediastina?

Answer 43

Anterior and Superior Mediastina

Question 44

The thoracic duct, esophagus, vagus nerve, and azygos vein are found in which 2 mediastina?

Answer 44

Superior and Posterior Mediastina

Question 45

The phrenic nerve is found in which 2 mediastina?

Answer 45

Superior and Middle Mediastina

Question 46

The diaphragm forms the _ boundary of the thorax.

Answer 46

inferior

Question 47

The diaphragm's origin is:

Answer 47

periphery posterior to the xiphoid process lower 6 ribs posterior abdominal wall

Question 48

The diaphragm's insertion is into:

Answer 48

central tendon

Question 49

The diaphragm's action is:

Answer 49

inspiration

Question 50

The diaphragm is innervated by:

Answer 50

phrenic nerve

Question 51

The diaphragm has 3 openings and they are found at:

Answer 51

TV8 TV10 TV12

Question 52

The diaphragmic opening found at TV8 is the _ opening for the inferior _ _

Answer 52

caval opening IVC

Question 53

The diaphragmic opening found at TV10 is the _ _ for the esophagus and CN _, _ nerve

Answer 53

esophageal hiatus CN X Vagus

Question 54

The diaphragmic opening found at TV12 is the _ hiatus for the _.

Answer 54

Aortic Hiatus Aorta