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Anatomy Dissection > Ch 26 Heart > Flashcards

Ch 26 Heart Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

The _ system is concerned with the heart and blood vessels. (both names)

A

cardiovascular / circulatory

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2
Q

True or false: The heart is made up of nonstriated muscle

A

false, striated

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3
Q

True or False: The blood flow runs vertically in the heart due to the atria lying superior to the ventricles.

A

False, atria lie POSTERIOR to ventricles, causing blood to flow more HORIZONTALLY

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4
Q

True or false: The heart has four internal cavities called chambers and they include the right and left aorta and the right and left ventricles

A

FALSE! Atria, not Aorta

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5
Q

The bony structure sitting anteriorly protecting the heart is the _.

A

Sternum

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6
Q

The structures sitting laterally protecting the heart are the _. (3 items)

A

-ribs
-intercostal muscles
-lungs

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7
Q

The structures sitting posteriorly protecting the heart are the _ _.

A

thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

True or false: The heart is enclosed in tough connective tissue sac called the endocardium

A

False, PERIcardium

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9
Q

The type of connective tissue making up the pericardium is _.

A

fibroSEROUS

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10
Q

The outer layer of the pericardium blends _ with the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

inferiorly

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11
Q

The superior and posterior fibrous layers of the pericardium blend with the major blood vessels of the heart: _ _, _ and _ trunk

A

vena cava, aorta, and pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

The cardiac muscle itself is referred to a the _.

A

myocardium

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13
Q

The inner epithelial lining of the chambers of the heart is referred to as the _.

A

endocardium

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14
Q

The external heart has an apex, a base, and 3 surfaces which are:

A

-sternocostal surface
-diaphragmic surface
-pulmonary surface

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15
Q

The sternocostal surface of the external heart lies _ to the sternum and costal cartilages

A

adjacent

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16
Q

The diaphragmic surface of the external heart lies _ to the diaphragm

A

adjacent

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17
Q

The pulmonary surface of the external heart lies adjacent to the _ surface of the _ lung.

A

medial surface, left lung

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18
Q

True or false: The apex of the heart is a rounded projection that sits superiorly on heart pointing to left side

A

False, it is inferior part of heart on left side

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19
Q

The apex of the heart is found at the _ _ costal cartilage

A

LEFT 6th costal cartilage

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20
Q

The base of the heart is where the great vessels attach to the heart which include (3 things)

A

-aorta
-pulmonary trunk
-SVC

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21
Q

The appendages on each side of the atria of the external heart are called _ and help increase the capacity of the atria

A

auricles

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22
Q

The vertical muscular ridge found on the posterior wall internally in the right atrium is called the _ _.

A

Crista Terminalis

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23
Q

Ridge-like muscular extension coming from the crista terminalis are called _ _

A

Musculi Pectinati

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24
Q

True or False: Musculi Pectinati are found in both the R and L atrium and R and L auricles

A

False- only found in R atrium and both sides’ auricles

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25
3 venous openings inside the R atrium include:
-Superior Vena CavAL opening -Inferior Vena CavAL opening -opening of the coronary sinus
26
The superior vena cavAL opening returns blood from the _ half of the body
upper
27
The inferior vena cavAL opening returns blood from the _ half of the body
lower
28
The _ vena cavAL opening has a nonfunctional valve called the valve of the _ vena cava.
INFERIOR, inferior
29
The opening of the coronary sinus leads to a chamber found on the _ surface of the heart
posterior
30
The coronary sinus receives veins that drain the heart itself and open into the R atrium just anterior and superior to the _ vena cava
inferior vena cava
31
The partition separating the R and L atrium is called the _ _
IntERatrial Septum
32
On the inTERatrial septum on the R atrial side there is a oval depression called the
Fossa Ovalis
33
The fossa ovalis was part of a _ in the fetal stage of development that existed between the R and L _.
foramen, R and L atrium
34
The _ _ in the heart closes at birth and becomes the fossa ovalis.
Foramen Ovalis
35
The R atrium opens to the R ventricle via the right _ opening which is guarded by the _ valve that shares the same name as well
Atrioventricular; Tricuspid Valve
36
The valve is a mechanical device that allows for unidirectional blood flow, the heart contains these 2 types of valves:
-Atrioventricular -Semilunar
37
The atrioventricular valve contains 3 main parts:
-Cusps -ChordAE TendinEAE -Papillary Muscle
38
True or False: Cusps within the heart are flaps of cardiac muscle.
False, CONNECTIVE TISSUE
39
Chordae Tendineae are connective tissue cords that attach to the _ surface of the cusps in the heart.
LOWER surface
40
Papillary Muscles contain internal folds of _ muscle that give attachment to the _ _.
Ventricular Muscle; chordae tendineae
41
The 3 cusps in the Tricuspid valve are named based on _ _ and the papillary muscles supporting their chordae tendineae are named similarly.
anatomical position
42
The tricuspid valve _ during ventricular contractions
Closes
43
When closed, the _ valve prevents back flow into the R Atrium
Tricuspid
44
The tricuspid valve is held shut by the _ _ which are attached to the _ surface of the cusps and not pulled back into the atrium.
Chordae Tendineae Lower
45
The irregular ridge like projections inside ventricles are a muscle called _ _.
Trabeculae Carneae
46
T/F papillary muscles are a type of septomarginal trabecula
False, trabeculae carneae-papillary muscles
47
The moderator band in the heart muscle is also called the
Septomarginal Trabecula
48
The moderator band or septomarginal trabecula is a type of _ _ muscle
Trabeculae Carneae
49
The moderator band in the R vent attaches to the _ _ (wall dividing R and L vent) and the _ papillary muscle
Interventricular septum Anterior
50
The moderator band in the R vent contains the right branch of the _ _ which is part of the conduction system of the heart
atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)
51
T/F there are 3 openings in the R ventricle: the right AV openings, the pulmonary trunk opening, and the fossa ovalis
FALSE, only 2 openings. -from R atrium via atrioventricular opening (tricuspid valve) -to the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary semilunar valve)
52
The _ _ valve is where blood moves from the R vent to the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar
53
T/F All valves possess papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
False, semilunar valves do not
54
T/F The only 2 valves that possess papillary muscles and chordae tendineae are the Pulmonic and the Mitral Valves.
False, Tricuspid Valve and the Mitral Valve -only AV valves have these
55
_ valves have 3 pocket like flaps(cusps) that surround the openings between chambers of the heart and no chordae tendineae or papillary muscles
Semilunar
56
The _ of a cusp is the free edge that has thickened fibrous tissue which fills the gap left when semilunar valves close.
nodule
57
The _ is a narrow thin lip that comes off each side of a _ on a semilunar valve's cusp.
lunula nodule PIZZA SLICE
58
The spaces between cusps and the walls of the vessels they open to are called _.
sinuses
59
Between 3 cusps in the pulmonary semilunar valve there are 3 sinuses in the _ _.(which vessel?)
pulmonary trunk -sinuses are in the vessel AFTER the valve
60
When flow of blood is from right vent into pulmonary trunk, the valve _ and if it flows retrograde the valve _.
opens, closes
61
T/F Blood flows thru the pulmonary trunk via the R and L pulmonary veins into the lungs.
False, pulmonary arteries go INTO lungs, pulmonary veins LEAVE lungs
62
Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the _ _ via _ pulmonary veins, _ coming from each side.
Left Atrium 4 pulm veins 2 from each side
63
T/F The left atrium has its musculi pectinati only in the left auricle.
True
64
How many openings are in the L Atrium?
5 4 openings for pulm veins and 1 opening into L Vent
65
How many openings are in the R Atrium?
4 1 from SVC, 1 from IVC, 1 from cardiac sinus, and 1 opening into R vent
66
How many openings are in the L Ventricle?
2 1 opening from L atrium and 1 opening into the Aorta
67
How many openings are in the R Ventricle?
2 1 opening from R atrium and 1 opening into the Pulmonary Trunk
68
T/F The heart possesses 2 semilunar and 2 tricuspid valves
False: 2 semilunar and 1 tricuspid and 1 bicuspid
69
The left atrioventricular opening is guarded by the atrioventricular valve which is also called the _ or _ valve.
Bicuspid or Mitral
70
T/F The wall thickness of the R vent is more than the left's.
False, L vent wall is thicker
71
When the L vent contracts, blood enters the _ via the _ _ valve
Aorta, aortic semilunar
72
T/F : In the heart there are 4 valves. 2 valves possess 2 cusps and 2 valves possess 3 cusps.
False, 3 valves have 3 cusps and 1 valve has 2 (Mitral Valve).
73
The aortic semilunar valve has 3 cusps and has _ and _ just like the pulmonary semilunar valve.
nodules and lunulae
74
Just like the pulmonary semilunar valve, the aortic semilunar valve has _ behind the cusps attached to the aorta.
sinuses
75
The R and L coronary arteries originate from which sinuses?
R and L Aortic Sinuses
76
The two remnants of fetal circulation of the heart include:
-fossa ovalis -ligamentum arteriosum
77
The ligamentum arteriosum is a cord-like band connecting the _ _ and the _ _.
pulmonary trunk and aortic arch
78
The part of the heart referred to as the pacemaker is the _ _.
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
79
3 main muscle fibers of the heart's conduction system:
-Sinoatrial Node (SA node) -Atrioventricular Node (AV node) -Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
80
The sinoatrial node is found where the _ _ _ and the _ _ join.
superior vena cava and R atrium
81
Both atria contract due to an impulse from:
sinoatrial node
82
T/F The Atrioventricular node is found inside the R ventricle.
False- found in the upper part of the interventricular septum
83
The atrioventricular node receives the impulse from the sinoatrial node, holds it for a moment while _ contract, then sends it to the _ _.
atria atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
84
T/F The Atrioventricular node divides into a R and L branch
false, the Atrioventricular BUNDLE branches divide into L and R branches
85
The right bundle branch courses thru the _ _ (moderator band) to the wall of the _ _.
septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) right ventricle
86
T/F The left bundle branch courses thru the septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) to the wall of the left ventricle.
False, it goes straight to the L vent without going thru anything else. -RBB goes thru moderator band then the R vent
87
The _ _ is responsible for causing the ventricles to contract.
atrioventricular bundle
88
The right coronary artery arises from the right _ sinus
aortic
89
The right coronary artery emerges from the aortic sinus between the _ _ and the _ _.
pulmonary trunk right auricle
90
The right coronary artery courses _ along the heart giving off a _ _ then coursing to the _ of the heart,
inferiorly marginal branch back of heart
91
The right coronary artery gives off a branch called the _ _ artery which courses to the _ of the heart
posterior interventricular artery (PDA in pic) apex
92
The right coronary artery ends by anastomosing with a branch of the _ _ _.
left coronary artery
93
The left coronary artery arises from the left _ sinus
aortic
94
The left coronary artery courses between the _ _ and the _ _.
left auricle pulmonary trunk
95
After coming thru the auricle and pulmonary trunk, the left coronary artery divides into the _ _ _ and the _ _.
anterior interventricular artery or left anterior descending artery (LAD) circumflex branch
96
The anterior interventricular artery (LAD) courses towards the _ of the heart and ends anastomosing with the _ _ artery.
apex posterior interventricular artery (PDA in pic)
97
The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery courses around the heart and anastomoses with the _ _ _.
right coronary artery
98
The veins draining the heart are called _ _ and drain into the _ _.
cardiac veins coronary sinus
99
3 major cardiac veins:
-Great Cardiac Vein -Middle Cardiac Vein -Small Cardiac Vein
100
The _ _ is a short , wide vessel that receives all 3 cardiac veins and empties int o the _ _.
Coronary Sinus Right Atrium
101
The great cardiac vein courses with the _ _ artery and the _ _ continuing to the back of the heart as the coronary sinus.
anterior interventricular artery circumflex branch
102
The middle cardiac vein courses with the _ _ artery and ends in the coronary sinus
posterior interventricular artery
103
The small cardiac vein courses with the _ artery and ends in the coronary sinus
marginal artery
104
2-3 small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium are known as the _ _ _.
Anterior Cardiac Veins
105
A group of numerous small veins draining the myocardium itself empty into all 4 chambers are known as _ _ _.
Venae Cordis Minimae

Anatomy Dissection (39 decks)

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