Ch 31 Abdominal Wall

Question 1

The abdomen is the portion of the trunk between the thorax and _

Answer 1

pelvis

Question 2

The abdomen consists of an outer _ and inner _ called the abdominal _.

Answer 2

wall
cavity x 2

Question 3

The abdominal wall is subdivided into:

Answer 3

Anterolateral abdominal wall
Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 4

When describing regions of the abdominal wall there are 2 methods to describe locations one had _ planes and the other has _ planes.

Answer 4

9 and 4

Question 5

The system of dividing the stomach into 9 planes has 2 horizontal and 2 vertical lines used as reference and they are:

Answer 5

Transpyloric Plane
Transtubercular Plane

Question 6

The transplyloric plane of the abdominal wall is a horizontal plane halfway between the _ _ of the sternum and the _ _. It lies at level of _.

Answer 6

jugular notch
pubic symphysis
LV1

Question 7

The transtubercular plane of the abdominal wall is a horizontal plane thru the tubercles of the _ _ and lies at the level of _.

Answer 7

iliac crests
LV5

Question 8

The right and left mid-clavicular (lateral) planes of the abdominal wall are found _ to the clavicle

Answer 8

midpoint

Question 9

The nine regions of the abdominal wall are:

Answer 9

Umbilical
Epigastric
Pubic (hypogastric)
Right and Left Hypochondriac areas
Right and Left Lateral (Lumbar) area
Right and left inguinal area

Question 10

The umbilical region of the abdominal wall has _ referred pain

Answer 10

midgut

Question 11

The epigastric area of the abdominal wall is the epigastric fossa just _ to the infrastrernal angle (foregut referred pain)

Answer 11

inferior

Question 12

The pubic ( hypogastric) area of the abdominal wall is above the _ _ and has hindgut referred pain

Answer 12

pubic symphysis

Question 13

The right and left hypochondriac areas of the abdominal wall are related to _ _

Answer 13

costal cartilages

Question 14

The right and left lateral area of the abdominal wall is related to the _ region

Answer 14

lumbar

Question 15

The right and left inguinal area of the abdominal wall is found on the 2 most _ planes

Answer 15

inferolateral

Question 16

There is another system of dividing the abdominal wall instead of nine regions, into 4 quadrants called:

Answer 16

Upper right quadrant
Upper left quadrant
Lower right quadrant
Lower left quadrant

Question 17

The upper right quadrant of the abdomen contains (5 items)

Answer 17

Liver
Gallbladder
Superior part of Ascending Colon
Right colic or hepatic flexure of colon
Right half of the transverse colon

Question 18

The upper left quadrant of the abdomen contains (6 items)

Answer 18

Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Left half of transverse colon
Left colic or splenic flexure of colon
Superior part of descending colon

Question 19

The lower right quadrant of the abdomen contains (3 items)

Answer 19

Inferior part of the ascending colon
Cecum
Vermiform Appendix

Question 20

The lower left quadrant of the abdomen contains (2 items)

Answer 20

Inferior part of descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 21

The anterolateral abdominal wall is composed of the following: (4 items)

Answer 21

Skin
Subcutaneous Tissue
Muscles
Peritoneum

Question 22

The skin of the abdomen is of _ thickness compared to other parts of the body.

Answer 22

average

Question 23

During pregnancy _ _ are the reddish lines sometimes seen on the abdomen.

Answer 23

Striae Gravidarum

Question 24

After parturition (giving birth) the striae gravidarum change into thin white scar-like lines on the abdomen called _ _

Answer 24

Lineae Albicante

Question 25

The subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall exists in 2 layers:

Answer 25

Superficial Fatty Layer (Camper's Fascia) Deep membranous layer (Scarpa's fascia)

Question 26

External oblique origin:

Answer 26

lower 8 ribs (interdigitates with the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi)

Question 27

External oblique insertion:

Answer 27

Iliac crest Rectus sheath via aponeurosis

Question 28

External oblique action:

Answer 28

Tenses abdominal wall Aids in Rotation of trunk Aids in lateral flexion of trunk Important in forced expiration

Question 29

External oblique innervation:

Answer 29

Thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve

Question 30

The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the _ ligament

Answer 30

inguinal

Question 31

The fibers of the external oblique course _ and _

Answer 31

medially and inferiorly

Question 32

Internal oblique origin:

Answer 32

Iliac crest

Question 33

Internal oblique insertion:

Answer 33

costal margin (superiorly) rectus sheath via aponeurosis (anteriorly) pubic crest (inferiorly)

Question 34

Internal oblique action:

Answer 34

Tenses abdominal wall Aids in rotation of trunk Aids in lateral flexion of trunk Important in forced expiration

Question 35

Internal oblique innervation:

Answer 35

Thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve L1

Question 36

The internal oblique's fibers fan out coursing _ and _ in the upper half and _ and _ in the lower half of the muscle

Answer 36

anteriorly and superiorly transversely and inferiorly

Question 37

Transversus Abdominis origin:

Answer 37

Iliac crest Fascia of the back Lower 6 costalcartilages

Question 38

Transversus Abdominis insertion:

Answer 38

Rectus sheath via aponeurosis

Question 39

Transversus Abdominis action:

Answer 39

Tenses abdominal wall Aids in rotation of trunk Aids in lateral flexion of trunk Important in forced expiration

Question 40

Transversus Abdominis innervation:

Answer 40

Thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve L1

Question 41

Rectus Abdominis origin:

Answer 41

Pubic crest Pubic symphysis

Question 42

Rectus Abdominis insertion:

Answer 42

Xiphoid Process Costal Cartilages of ribs 5-7

Question 43

Rectus Abdominis action:

Answer 43

flexion of trunk

Question 44

Rectus Abdominis innervation

Answer 44

Thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve

Question 45

The direction of the fibers of the rectus abdominis muscle run _.

Answer 45

vertically

Question 46

The 3-4 fibrous bands that pass transversely across the rectus abdominis and adhere to the rectus sheath are called _ _

Answer 46

tendinous intersections

Question 47

The rectus sheath is a fibrous structure formed by the aponeurosis of (3 items):

Answer 47

External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis

Question 48

3 anatomical lines are formed by the rectus sheath called:

Answer 48

Linea Alba Linea Semilunaris Arcuate Line

Question 49

The linea alba of the rectus sheath is a median furrow from the _ _ to the pubis containing tough tendinous interlacing fibers of the _ on each side.

Answer 49

xiphoid process aponeurosis

Question 50

The linea semilunaris is a curved line at the lateral border of the _ _ and is formed where the _ of the internal oblique splits to form layers of the rectus sheath

Answer 50

rectus abdominis aponeurosis

Question 51

The arcuate line is a _ landmark change in the rectus sheath.

Answer 51

horizontal

Question 52

The _ _ lines the inner wall of the abdomen.

Answer 52

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 53

The main arteries of the abdominal wall are:

Answer 53

2 branches of the Internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) [superiorly] 2 branches of the External Iliac artery (inferiorly)

Question 54

The 2 branches of the internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) in the abdominal wall are:

Answer 54

Superior Epigastric artery Musculophrenic artery

Question 55

The 2 branches of the external iliac artery in the abdominal wall are:

Answer 55

Inferior Epigastric artery Deep Circumflex Iliac artery

Question 56

2 _ channels of arteries are formed in the abdominal wall.

Answer 56

longitudinal

Question 57

1 of the 2 longitudinal arterial channels in the abdominal wall form from the anastomoses of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries which represent an anastomoses between the _ artery (via the internal mammary artery) and the _ _ artery

Answer 57

subclavian artery external iliac artery

Question 58

1 of the 2 longitudinal arterial channels in the abdominal wall form from the anastomoses of the musculophrenic and deep circumflex iliac arteries which represent an anastomoses between the _ artery (via the internal mammary artery) and the _ _ artery

Answer 58

subclavian artery external iliac artery

Question 59

The muscles of the abdominal wall are segmentally innervated by the _ nerves and _ nerve.

Answer 59

thoracoabdominal nerves subcostal nerve

Question 60

The thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerve both give off _ and _ cutaneoues branches that supply the skin of the abdomen.

Answer 60

anterior lateral

Question 61

The posterior abdominal wall consists of these muscles (2 items)

Answer 61

Quadratus Lumborum Psoas Major