Ch. 4 Ecology: Microbiology Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
the study of small living organisms called microbes
A
microbiology
2
Q
microbiology
A
the study of small living organisms called microbes
3
Q
Bacteria are ___-celled organisms.
A
one
4
Q
Bacteria are also known as _____ or _____.
A
germs or microbes
5
Q
pathogenic
A
disease-producing
6
Q
nonpathogenic
A
nondisease-producing
7
Q
Microbes can be transmitted from one client to another via _____ _____.
A
contaminated implements
8
Q
nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter
A
saprophytes
9
Q
_____ is a process that kills microorganisms, invented by ____ ____.
A
Pasteurization; Louis Pasteur
10
Q
the study of bacteria
A
bacteriology
11
Q
cocci
A
spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells
12
Q
spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells
A
cocci
13
Q
Streptococci are ____-forming bacterial cells that have what form?
A
pus-forming; long chains
14
Q
Septicemia, strep throat, rheumatic fever, and other serious infections are caused by which bacteria type?
A
streptococci
15
Q
Staphylococci are ___-forming bacterial cells that have what form?
A
pus-forming; grape-like bunches or clusters
16
Q
What bacteria type is present in abscesses, pustules, and boils?
A
staphylococci
17
Q
Diplococci grow in what form?
A
pairs
18
Q
What bacteria type causes pneumonia?
A
diplococci
19
Q
What is the most common form of bacterial cells?
A
bacilli
20
Q
What shape are bacilli?
A
bar or rod
21
Q
What bacteria type can produce tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria?
A
bacilli
22
Q
What shape are spirilla?
A
spiral, coil, corkscrew
23
Q
What bacteria type causes contagious diseases like syphilis and cholera?
A
spirilla
24
Q
What do bacteria do during the active stage?
A
reproduce and grow rapidly, splitting into 2 cells once its fully grown
25
What are favorable conditions for bacteria that can cause it to develop up to 16 million offspring in 12 hours?
dark, damp, dirty areas
26
What do bacteria do in the inactive stage when conditions become unfavorable?
die or create spherical spores resistant to infections, cold, and heat
27
Bacteria travel easily through ___ and ___.
air & water
28
Which two bacteria types can move by themselves and how?
bacilli & spirilla; hair-like projections called flagella or cilia that move in a wave-like motion
29
sub-microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts
virus
30
Many viruses are (pathogenic/nonpathogenic)?
pathogenic
31
AIDS stands for ___ ___ ___ and is caused by ___.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV
32
What does AIDS do to the body?
interferes with body's natural immune system and causes it to break down
33
HBV stands for ___ ___ ___ and is a highly infectious disease that affects the ___.
Hepatitis B Virus; liver
34
HBV is preventable through ___.
vaccination
35
organisms that grow and feed on other living organisms and are spread via improperly disinfected implements
external parasites
36
External parasites contribute ___ to the host and cause ___ diseases.
nothing; contagious
37
____ occurs when disease-causing bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body's normal state.
Infection
38
growth of a parasitic organism within the body
infection
39
Microorganisms that cause infection are referred to as ___.
pathogens
40
___ ___ are transmitted through the blood or body fluids.
Bloodborne pathogens
41
Contagious infections or communicable diseases are caused by ____ pathogens.
airborne
42
What are some common means of spreading infection in the skincare center?
contact with open sores, contaminated hands or implements; exposure to coughing, sneezing, unsanitary conditions, common drinking cups or towels; use of improperly disinfected facial beds
43
___ diseases cause infection and are communicable by ___ ___.
Contagious; casual contact
44
Why aren't all infectious diseases contagious?
not all of them can be spread through casual contact
45
partially inherited, natural resistance to disease
natural immunity
46
occurs through vaccinations, which stimulates the body's immune response
passive (acquired) immunity
47
efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill microbes; prevention of the spread of infectious agents to you or your client
infection control
48
asymptomatic carrier
person who carries disease-producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease
49
Universal Precautions
using consistent infection-control procedures for all clients
50
Name the 3 levels of infection control from lowest to highest.
sanitation, disinfection, sterilization
51
What are some general practices of infection control, also known as infection-control procedures?
hand washing, personal protective equipment, properly disinfecting all skin care implements and surfaces
52
low-level destruction of surface bacteria
sanitation
53
eliminates bacteria, viruses, and most organisms on inanimate, non-porous surfaces
disinfection
54
eliminates all living organisms on non-porous surfaces, including bacterial spores
sterilization
55
arrest or prevent the growth of microorganisms on the skin
antiseptic
56
ability to produce results, effectiveness
efficacy
57
OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard should be followed for all implements that come in contact with ___ or ___ ___. It requires the use of what kind of disinfectant?
blood or body fluids; broad-spectrum EPA-registered disinfectant labelled as effective against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal
58
___ disinfectants do not eliminate bacterial spores.
Chemical
59
EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency. They approve the ___ of products used for ___ ___.
efficacy, infection control
60
Semi-critical objects require a high level of ___ because they come in contact with ___ ___ or ___ ___.
disinfection; mucus membranes, broken skin
61
uses high frequency waves to disinfect instruments or pre-clean; is 16 times more effective than hand scrubbing
ultrasonic cleaning machine
62
OSHA stands for ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ and is the regulating agency that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
63
MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheets and provide key information on a specific product regarding ___, associated ___, combustion levels, and ___ requirements.
ingredients, hazards, storage
64
Where must MSDS be kept? Who must provide it?
in an easily-accessible file in the skin care center in case of emergency; manufacturer
65
Critical objects require ___, because they come in contact with ___ ___ or the ___ system via puncturing or invading the skin.
sterile tissue, vascular
66
Name 3 types of sterilization equipment.
UV Light Sterilizer, Autoclave, Chemiclave
67
What kinds of products are used in sanitation?
appropriate cleaning products, antibacterial/ antimicrobial liquid soap, antiseptic
68
What is the difference in disinfection products used on implements that have and have not come in contact with blood?
both require a broad-spectrum, EPA-registered disinfectant, but it must be effective against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal if implement has come in contact with blood
69
What kinds of products are used in sterilization?
liquid sterilant, or moist or dry heat sterilizer calibrated to specific temperatures
70
What are the 4 basic steps in first aid for bleeding wounds?
1. Cover wound, apply pressure.
2. Elevate injured limb above heart.
3. When bleeding stops, apply bandage.
4. Never use a tourniquet.
71
How can you avoid chemical burns?
wear protective gloves, perform a patch test
72
What are the 4 steps in first aid for a chemical burn?
1. Remove product with damp cotton (water or neutralizer).
2. Apply several cold compresses for several minutes at a time.
3. Cover burn loosely with a clean, lint-free, dry cloth, like a sheet.
4. Refer injured person for medical treatment if necessary.
73
What are 2 potential causes of heat burns in a skin care center?
hot wax, hot towels
74
When performing first aid on a heat or electrical burn, do not ___ a blister or apply ___. Do not clean the wound or remove ___ ___.
break; ointment/ cream; embedded clothing
75
What are potential causes of electrical burns in a skin care center?
faulty equipment, improper use of equipment
76
What are the 4 basic steps of first aid for choking?
1. Determine if victim can talk or cough.
2. If they can't speak or get enough air, have someone call 911.
3. Stand behind victim and wrap arms around their stomach.
4. Perform Heimlich Maneuver.
77
What are the 3 basic steps of first aid for fainting?
1. Turn victim onto their back and ensure they are getting enough air.
2. If vomiting occurs, turn them on their side and keep the windpipe clear.
3. When they regain consciousness, apply a cold compress to the face.
78
What are the 3 basic steps of first aid for a cut, scratch, or embedded object in the eye?
1. Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage.
2. Do not try to remove the embedded object.
3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room.
79
What are the 3 basic steps of first aid for a chemical in the eye?
1. Hold eyelids apart and flush with lukewarm water for at least 15-30 minutes.
2. Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage.
3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room.
80
___ live on dead matter, do not produce disease, and are considered nonpathogenic bacteria.
Saprophytes
81
Cocci appear singly or in groups and their shape is ___.
round
82
Which is a common means of spreading infection?
coughing or sneezing
83
How are the common cold and measles similar?
communicable
84
What occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body?
general infection
85
A product ___ label describes what a product is effective in fighting against.
efficacy
86
Where do you find key information on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels, and storage requirements?
product MSDS
87
At what level of infection control are all bacteria killed or destroyed?
sterilization
88
the study of small organisms
microbiology
89
Do saprophytes produce disease?
no
90
Which type of bacterial cell is coiled and can cause highly contagious diseases?
spirilla
91
How does the size of viruses compare to the size of bacteria?
much smaller
92
Is strep throat caused by a bacteria or virus?
bacteria
93
Plants or animals that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism are called ___ ___.
external parasites
94
The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard requires the use of an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant or an EPA-registered disinfectant labeled as effective against ___ and ___.
HIV and HBV
95
What is the regulating agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace?
OSHA
96
What group approves the efficacy of disinfectants?
EPA
97
Implements that come in contact with a client must be ___ or ___.
disinfected or discarded
98
When disinfecting an implement, it is important to ___ the implement.
pre-clean
99
When storing chemical disinfecting agents, it is important to remember it takes time to ___ ___.
destroy microbes
100
What is the first step to take when exposed to a client's blood during a procedure?
stop the service and wash your hands
101
A bleeding wound should be treated by applying pressure with ___ and a ___ ___.
gauze, gloved hand
102
What is the first action taken if you suspect someone is choking?
determine if the victim can talk or cough
103
Spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells that appear singularly or in groups are called...
cocci
104
A sub-microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts is called a...
virus
105
What is a highly infectious disease which affects the liver?
HBV
106
What is a highly infectious disease that interferes with the body's natural immune system?
AIDS
107
Head lice, itch mites, ringworm, and nail fungus are all diseases caused by...
external parasites
108
The growth of a parasitic organism within the body is known as...
infection
109
A contagious, potentially fatal infection caused by airborne bacteria that first affects the lungs is called...
tuberculosis
110
Products used to arrest or prevent the growth of microorganisms on the skin are called...
antiseptics
111
Instruments can be pre-cleaned using...
high-frequency energy waves
112
Key information proving helpful during an allergic reaction related to product usage can be found on the...
MSDS
113
Why can't sponges & disposable files be properly disinfected?
They are porous products.
114
What machine uses UV light go kill bacteria in a dry setting?
UV light sterilizer
115
What machine uses pressurized steam to sterilize critical implements?
Steam autoclave
116
What machine sterilizes surgical instruments with high- pressure, high-temperature vapor?
Chemiclave
