Ch. 6: Electricity Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
A ____ is a measure of how much electrical energy is being used.
A
watt
2
Q
Electricity is a form of energy that produces light, ___, magnetic and ___ changes.
A
light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes
3
Q
The flow of electricity moving along a conductor is called a(n)
A
electric current
4
Q
The application of special currents (or modalities) that have certain effects on the skin is called _____.
A
electrotherapy
5
Q
The 4 types of current you need to be familiar with include Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, ____.
A
Sinusoidal
6
Q
A current conductor that is used to bring the current from the appliance to the client’s skin is called a(n) ____.
A
electrode
7
Q
A special appliance used to convert alternating current to direct current is called a(n) ____.
A
rectifier
8
Q
The use of a negative electrode with a negatively charged solution to perform desincrustation treatment is called ____.
A
anaphoresis
9
Q
The use of a positive electrode with a positively charged solution to perform iontophoresis treatment is called ____.
A
cataphoresis
10
Q
High Frequency Current is also referred to as…
A
Tesla Current
11
Q
When the skin care specialist uses an electrode in direct contact with the client’s skin, it is referred to as…
A
Direct High Frequency
12
Q
The formation of ozone to produce a germicidal effect on the skin is known as…
A
Direct High Frequency
13
Q
The electric current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow only in one direction is called a…
A
direct current
14
Q
A rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth allowing electrons to flow first in one direction and then in the other is a(n)…
A
alternating current
15
Q
When a generator alternates current, the number of cycles per second is called the…
A
hertz rating
16
Q
Materials that do not allow a current to pass through them are called ____.
A
insulators
17
Q
How many milliamperes equal one ampere?
A
1000
18
Q
A volt measures the amount of electric ____.
A
pressure
19
Q
A unit of electrical resistance is called a(n) ____.
A
ohm
20
Q
A path in which the electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance to power it is a(n)…
A
closed path
21
Q
More current flowing through a line than the line is designed to carry is called a(n) ____.
A
overload
22
Q
What can occur any time a foreign conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load?
A
short circuit
23
Q
Two metal pieces that make contact with each other to allow the flow of electric current are found on a(n)…
A
circuit breaker
24
Q
A safety device designed to protect the user during the operation of appliances is a…
A
grounding wire
25
What type of shock passes through a small part of the body and can cause burns and muscle contractions?
Local shock
26
The direct current used in electrotherapy treatments is _____.
Galvanic
27
What type of phoresis is often used in desincrustation?
anaphoresis
28
Which treatment uses cataphoresis to build up or nourish the deeper layers of the epidermis?
Iontophoresis
29
A negatively charged electrode is called a(n) ____.
cathode
30
Which term represents a positively charged electrode?
anode
31
When the electrode held by the esthetician is in the positive mode, the reaction on the skin will be ____.
acidic
32
Tesla, a High Frequency Current, is also known as the ____ ray.
violet
33
A narrow space between the electrode and the skin used to provide germicidal healing and drying effects during either Direct or Indirect High Frequency treatments is a...
spark gap
34
Faradic Current is used chiefly to cause...
muscle contractions
35
An alternating current that penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area than a Faradic Current is called...
Sinusoidal
36
Pregnancy, epilepsy, diabetes or other conditions that suggest it is inadvisable to perform a procedure on a client is a(n) ____.
contraindication
37
A combination light that can be broken into its individual wavelengths by a prism is referred to as...
white light
38
Bacteria that cause skin infections can be killed by ____ light.
ultraviolet
39
Which type of ultraviolet ray is most frequently used in tanning booths?
UVA rays
40
The transfer of heat via direct contact is ____.
conduction
41
What effect does a rotating brush produce?
mechanical
42
Electric current that travels through a water-based solution and onto the body has a(n) ___ effect.
electrochemical
43
A device that sprays lukewarm, diffused vapor mist onto the surface of the skin is called a(n)...
facial steamer
44
____ is a form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.
Electricity
45
Electricity travels in a ____. When you switch on an appliance, the ____ is completed.
circuit
46
The flow of electricity along a conductor is called electric current or ____.
modality
47
____ ____ is a constant current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction.
Direct Current
48
A ____ ____ indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current.
hertz rating
49
Materials that transport electricity easily are called ____.
conductors
50
The best conductors are ____ and ____.
silver and copper
51
Is aluminum a conductor or an insulator?
conductor
52
A conductor is safely contained in an ____, which is a material that does not allow a current to pass through it.
insulator
53
____ are a unit of electric strength.
Amps
54
____ are a unit of electric pressure.
Volts
55
____ are a unit of electric resistance.
Ohms
56
A ____ path is a path on which the electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance in order to power it. When this path is broken, it is called a(n) ____ ____.
closed path; open circuit
57
A ____ is the technical term for any appliance that requires electricity in order to work.
load
58
Do not try to extinguish an electrical fire with ____, because it will become a conductor.
water
59
A ____ is a safety device that prevents electrical wires from overheating.
fuse
60
A ____ shock, aka _____, passes through the nervous system, causes the heart to stop, breathing to cease, and muscles to convulse.
General shock; electrocution
61
To restore power with circuit breakers, after turning off or unplugging all connected appliances, go to the power box and...
turn the colored switch (red or yellow) completely off then immediately to the "on" position.
62
_____ treatments is the term for the many different facial treatments that require the use of electricity.
Electrotherapy
63
____ Current is the only constant direct current (DC) of low voltage and high amperage that produces an electrochemical effect.
Galvanic
64
The process of forcing a water-based solution into the skin by applying Galvanic Current to the solution is known as ____.
phoresis
65
_____ allows an alkaline solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the negative pole of an electrode.
Anaphoresis
66
_____ is a treatment in which blockages in the skin, such as clogged pores and blackheads, are broken down.
Desincrustation
67
Water-soluble solutions used in desincrustation are ____ and have a ____ charge.
alkaline; negative charge
68
Water-soluble solutions used in iontophoresis are ____ and have a _____ charge.
acidic; positive charge
69
Anaphoresis allows an ____ solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the ____ pole of an electrode.
alkaline; negative pole
70
Cataphoresis is a type of phoresis that allows an ____ solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the ____ pole of an electrode.
acidic solution; positive pole
71
During a High Frequency procedure, it is possible to create an even more powerful ozone effect by slowly lifting the electrode away from the skin. This method is known as ____ or creating a ____ ____.
sparking; spark gap
72
What type of current is alternating (or oscillating) and can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat?
High Frequency Current/ Tesla Current
73
What type of current is an alternating current that's interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction?
Faradic Current
74
What type of current is an alternating current that produces a mechanical effect?
Sinusoidal Current
75
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see is called...
visible light
76
What type of light creates the closest substitute for natural sunlight?
Incandescent
77
____ light is provided by an ordinary light bulb.
Incandescent
78
____ is the transfer of heat through a vacuum (empty space).
Radiation
79
_____ effects are created when electric current travels through a water-based solution (a liquid conductor) and onto the body.
Electrochemical
80
What is an elaborate magnifying mirror/ light that incorporates a black light and allows the esthetician to see the client's skin and the client to see their reflection?
skin scope/ dermascope/ skin scanner
81
A facial vaporizer is also known as a...
facial steamer
82
The ____ ____ acts like a mini vacuum cleaner to aid in deep pore cleansing by drawing out dirt, impurities, and sebum.
suction machine
83
What machine is an automated device that helps achieve a more thorough cleansing or toning after extraction or suction, or can help remove a clay mask?
Spray machine
84
The Lucas Spray, also known as ____ ____ Spray, is a unique atomizer that allows for the application of various ____ to be applied to the skin in a very fine mist.
Electric Pulverizer Spray; herbs
85
When finished using the Electric Pulverizer Spray, what should you do before turning off the machine to keep the tube clear of debris?
Remove the plastic tube from the large beaker
86
What skin types is the Electric Pulverizer Spray suitable for refreshing, soothing, and toning?
All
87
What texture and speed for the Rotating Brush Machine is suitable for dry, sensitive skin?
Soft brush at slow speed
88
A ____ machine is used to achieve a light resurfacing of the epidermis.
microdermabrasion
89
What should you use to wipe down the facial bed after each use?
Approved disinfectant
90
The ____ ____ produces warm, moist heat at a comfortable temperature to soften the skin of the face and aid in deep product penetration.
electric mask
91
The ____ ____ is great for moisturizing the face and softening and liquefying sebum deposit.
electric mask
92
Electric treatment mittens and booties are electronically heated and slipped onto the hands and/or feet to help...
product penetrate more deeply into the skin.
93
Paraffin heating units are electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax for use in ____, ____, ____, and ____ treatments.
face, hand, foot, body
94
A ____ machine features a combination of different electrical units combined into one piece of equipment.
multifunction
95
What are specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal?
Wax heating units
96
What are warm, moist towels used for?
removing product from the skin during face and body treatments
97
What keeps warm, moist towels ready for use throughout the day in the skin care treatment room?
Hot towel cabinet
98
A reusable device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs is called a(n)...
circuit breaker
99
A safety device called a three-wire system is also known as a(n)...
grounding wire
100
The piece of skin analysis equipment that allows things to be seen on the surface of the skin that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye is the ___ ___.
magnifying lamp or loupe
101
A measurement of the degree of magnification is known as a(n) ___.
diopter
102
A type of skin analysis equipment that utilizes violet rays or black light is referred to as the ___ ___.
Wood's Lamp
103
The elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light and allows the client to see their reflection is called a(n) ____.
dermascope or skin scope or skin scanner
104
The piece of equipment used to soften dead surface skin cells, expand pores, and increase product penetration by spraying vapor mist onto the surface of the skin is called a(n) ____.
steamer or vaporizer
105
The handheld appliance that performs superficial exfoliation is called the ___ ___.
rotating brush
106
The apparatus that acts like a miniature vacuum cleaner to help in deep pore cleansing is called the ___ ___.
suction machine
107
The automated spraying device that is also called an atomizer is referred to as the ___ ___.
spray machine
108
Facial equipment designed to feature a combination of different electrical units is referred to as a(n) ___ ___.
multi-function machine
109
The unique atomizer that allows for the application of various herbs, extracts, or astringents in a fine mist is called a(n) ___ ___.
Lucas Spray or Electric Pulverizer Spray
110
What step of the facial can be eliminated if suction is used?
massage
111
Which two electrodes create germicidal effects on the skin?
mushroom and horseshoe
112
Most electrodes (excluding the mushroom and horseshoe electrodes) promote, enhance, or increase ___ ___ over different areas of the face.
product penetration
113
Which type of electrode is used to increase product penetration into small, delicate areas of the face?
metal ball
114
Which type of electrode is used to promote product penetration in delicate lines and crevices of the face?
single or double-prong metal
115
Which type of electrode can enhance relaxation?
indirect or spiral
116
Which two electrodes are used to stimulate the scalp?
comb and rake
117
Which type of electrode is inactive and completes the flow of current in iontophoresis and desincrustation?
wrist
118
Which electrode increases product penetration in small, clogged areas and dissolves sebum?
tweezer or flat head
119
What are the two conditions that must exist for electrical current to be produced?
a source and a closed path must be present
120
Human contact with an electric current causes a(n) ____.
shock
121
Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, and Sinusoidal are 4 types of ____.
currents
122
What is the only constant direct current of low voltage and high amperage?
Galvanic
123
What term is used when electric current has opposite poles?
polarity
124
What piece of equipment is used in a dark room to provide light and magnification to determine skin type and condition?
Wood's Lamp
125
Which of the following is an alternating current that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction?
Faradic Current
126
An alternating current that penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area than a Faradic Current is called ____ ____.
Sinusoidal Current
127
A form of thermal energy in which the transfer of heat is via liquid or gas is called _____.
convection
128
Which of the following machines uses a very aggressive exfoliating procedure that requires advanced training?
Microdermabrasion machine
129
Which of the following pieces of skin care equipment is an elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light and allows clients to see their reflection?
Dermascope
130
Skin is often analyzed under a skin scanner, magnifying lamp or...
Wood's Lamp
131
With a Wood's lamp, blue-white light indicates...
Normal, healthy skin
132
With a Wood's lamp, bright fluorescent light indicates...
Hydrated skin
133
With a Wood's lamp, light violet indicates...
Dehydrated skin
134
With a Wood's lamp, purple fluorescent light indicates...
Thin, dehydrated skin
135
With a Wood's lamp white spots indicate...
Horny layer of skin and dead cells
136
With a Wood's lamp, white fluorescent light indicates...
Thick corneum layer
137
With a Wood's lamp, yellow/pink/orange light indicates...
Oily areas and clogged pores
138
With a Wood's lamp, brown indicates...
Pigmentation, dark spots, and sun damage
139
What indicates the number of electrons flowing through a particular line?
Amp rating
140
What indicates the resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor?
Ohm's rating
141
Since a watt is a small unit of energy, power companies describe watt usage in...
kilowatt hours
142
What indicates that the appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions?
Underwriter's Laboratory
143
What changes a direct current to alternating current?
Converter
144
An electrical path that is broken is called a(n)...
Open circuit
145
A path on which the electricity leaves the source and operates an appliance is called a(n)...
closed path
146
Which type of shock passes through the nervous system?
General shock
147
Cataphoresis _____ and _____ the tissue.
tightens; firms
148
The process of breaking down blockages in the skin with an alkaline solution to open the pores and soften blockages is referred to as...
desincrustation
149
The process of forcing water-soluble acidic product into the skin to nourish deep layers of the epidermis is called ____.
iontophoresis
150
A gas generated close to the skin's surface that has a germicidal, healing, and drying effect is ___ gas.
ozone
151
One benefit of Direct High Frequency current is the improvement of ___ ___.
blood circulation
152
During which type of treatment does the esthetician place both electrodes on the client's skin making certain they never touch?
Direct Faradic method
153
Which treatment produces beneficial effects on the body through treatments using light rays or waves?
light therapy
154
Any infrared light produces ___.
heat
155
If an individual feels depressed when there are fewer hours of daylight, he or she may be experiencing...
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)/ Northeast Winter Depression
156
Who needs to wear protective eyewear during light therapy treatments?
both client and esthetician
157
What types of tools does mechanical equipment utilize?
rotating brushes and massagers
158
During a High Frequency treatment, which electrode would the esthetician use on a client's neck?
horseshoe electrode
159
What type of skin cells are sloughed off during superficial exfoliation?
dead skin cells
160
Which skin type is effectively treated by using paraffin?
dry skin
