Ch 40: Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation Flashcards
Cardiovascular/Circulatory System
Heart + blood vessels
Blood vessels transport blood that contains O2, CO2, nutrients, and waste
Lymphatic/Immune System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels
Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes)
Attacks foreign substances in the body
Respiratory System
Gas exchange - intake of CO2, outtake of CO
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Digestive System
Breaks down food into absorbable units
Urinary/Excretory System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
Testes
Produce sperm and male sex hormones
Ovaries
Produce eggs and female sex hormones
Epithelial tissues
Sheets of densely packed, tightly connected cells
Creates boundaries between the inside and outside of the body
Transports, filters, and secretes substances
Location: surfaces of skin, organs, blood vessels, etc.
Muscle tissues
Elongated cells that generate force and cause movement
Most abundant tissues
Skeletal Muscles
Attached to bones
Responsible for body movement
Highly organized structure
Nuclei are squeezed to the side
Cardiac muscles
Make up the heart
Responsible for heartbeats and blood flow
Mesh like structure allows cells to easily couple
Smooth muscles
Make up walls of internal organs
Move and generate forces in these organs
Connective tissues
Connect, support, bind, or separate other tissues and organs
Extracellular matrix contains protein fibers
Has collagen and elastin
Cartilage
Cells that cushion joints
Provide structural support with flexibility
Bone
Cells that provide support
Hardened by calcium phosphate deposition in the matrix
Blood
Cells float in a very liquid extracellular matrix (blood plasma)
Adipose
Cells that store energy, cushion organs, and prevent heat loss
Stores nutrients into droplets
White adipose
Stores large droplets of lipids as fat
Secretes hormones and inflammatory molecules
Majority of adipose in the human body
Brown adipose
Produces heat
Packed with mitochondria and blood vessels
Found primarily in the neck and collarbone
Neural tissue
Neurons + glial cells
Processes info
Neurons
Cells that encode and conduct info as electrical signals
Release chemical signals to targets
Neurotransmitters
Chemical signals
Glial cells
Provide support functions for neurons
Don’t generate electrical signals
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a narrow range of stable conditions in an internal environment to allow optimal body functions despite changes in external conditions