Ch 41: Animal Hormones

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

A chemical signal that enters the blood and activates targeted cells far from the site of release
Secreted by endocrine cells
Released by neurohormones

Question 2

Peptide/Protein hormones

Answer 2

Water-soluable (hydrophilic)
Easily transportable in blood
Receptors are on the cell’s surface
Ex. insulin

Question 3

Steroid hormones

Answer 3

Cholesterol
Lipid soluble
Needs carrier proteins in the blood
Intracellular receptors

Question 4

Amine hormones

Answer 4

Mostly synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine
Can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble
Ex. Epinephrine and Thyroxine

Question 5

Fight or flight response

Answer 5

Response to fear or danger
Heartbeat gets faster and stronger
Blood vessels in the digestive tract constrict throughout the body
Liver releases glucose
Fat releases fattty acids
Epinephrine mediates the response

Question 6

Secretary organs

Answer 6

Endocrine glands that can secrete multiple hormones

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 7

Increases water retention by the kidneys

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

Promotes bonding

Stimulates contractions and milk flow

Question 9

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 9

Extension of the hypothalamus

Doesn’t have cells that secrete hormones

Question 10

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 10

Only secretes neurohormones when the hypothalamus says

Question 11

Thyroid gland

Answer 11

Found around the neck

Produces and stores thyroxine and calcitonin

Question 12

Thyroxine

Answer 12

Regulates metabolism

Important for development and growth

Question 13

Calcitonin

Answer 13

Maintains calcium levels

Stimulates the incorporation of calcium into bone

Question 14

TRH

Answer 14

Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Released by the hypothalamus
Stimulates the anterior pituitary

Question 15

TSH

Answer 15

Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone)
Released by the anterior pituitary
Stimulates the thyroid

Question 16

Goiter

Answer 16

An enlarged thyroid gland

Caused by both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Question 17

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 17

Caused by an excess of thyroxine
Antibody-binding activated TSH receptors on the thyroid and increases thyroxine
Thyroid is continually stimulated

Question 18

Hypothyroidism

Answer 18

Thyroxine deficiency
Reduced metabolic rate
Main cause - iodine deficiency
Thyroid enlarges to compensate low thyroxine

Question 19

Adrenal gland

Answer 19

Cortex + medulla

Question 20

Cortisol

Answer 20

Mediates metabolic response to stress

Secreted by the cortex

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

Salt water balance

Secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 22

Epinephrine

Answer 22

Adrenaline

Secreted by the medulla

Question 23

Norepinephrine

Answer 23

Noradrendaline
Fight or flight response
Secreted by the medulla

Question 24

Beta cells

Answer 24

Produce insulin

Question 25

Alpha cells

Answer 25

Produce glucagon

Question 26

Glucagon

Answer 26

Stimulates liver to convert glycogen to glucose

Question 27

Delta cells

Answer 27

Produce somatostatin

Question 28

Somatostatin

Answer 28

Inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon

Question 29

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 29

Too much glucose in blood and urine Increase urine output and dehydration Can cause numerous health complications

Question 30

Type I Diabetes

Answer 30

Lack of insulin caused by beta cell dysfunction | An autoimmune disease - the body attacks beta cells

Question 31

Type II Diabetes

Answer 31

Insulin responsiveness deficiency

Question 32

Androgens

Answer 32

Male hormones

Question 33

Estrogens and progesterone

Answer 33

Female hormones | Synthesized from testosterone by aromatase

Question 34

GnRH

Answer 34

Gonadotropin releasing hormone | Stimulates the anterior pituitary during testosterone regulation

Question 35

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 35

Secreted by the anterior pituitary Stimulates the ovary Involved in testosterone overuse in women

Question 36

FSH

Answer 36

Follicle stimulating hormone Secreted by the anterior pituitary Stimulates the ovary Involved in testosterone overuse in women

Question 37

Adrenal medulla

Answer 37

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Question 38

Adrenal cortex

Answer 38

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