Ch. 5: The integumentary system

Question 1

The skin is composed of two distinct regions

Answer 1

Epidermis and dermis

Question 2

The epidermis consist of four distinct cell types

Answer 2

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and tactile (merkel) cells

Question 3

The chief role ________ is to produce keratin, fibrous proteins that helps give the epidermis its protective properties. continous mitosis, located in stratum basale, desmosomes

Answer 3

Keratinocytes

Question 4

________ spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin, found in the stratum basale. protection from UV light

Answer 4

Melanocytes

Question 5

_________ star shaped, arise from bone marrow. Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system.

Answer 5

Langerhans cells/ dendritic cells

Question 6

________ present at the epidermal-dermal junction. associated with a dislike sensory nerve ending. SENSORY RECEPTOR FOR TOUCH

Answer 6

Merkel cells/tactile cells

Question 7

Name the five layers of the epidermis in order

Answer 7

STRATUM BASALE
STRATUM SPINOSOUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM CORNEUM

Question 8

Layer which consist of a single row of stem cells, Mitotic, consist of melanocytes/occasional tactile cells

Answer 8

Stratum basale

Question 9

layer which looks like a prickly , web-like system of intermediate filaments. attach to desmosomes. contains melanin granules and (langerhans cells) abundant in this layer

Answer 9

Stratum Spinosum

Question 10

Layer which consist of dark granules. Lamellar granules make it water proof. after this layer, external nutrients are cut off from nutrients, dead

Answer 10

Stratum granulosum

Question 11

Visible only to thick skin, consist 2-3 rows of clear flat dead keratinocytes.. visible in palms, soles of feet

Answer 11

Stratum Lucidum

Question 12

_______ outermost epidermal layer, provides a durable overcoat for the body protecting deeper cells from the hostile environment, water loss, and biological,chemical, and physical assault. specialized apoptosis, shedding of skin

Answer 12

Stratum Corneum (horny cells)

Question 13

The second major skin region, consist of fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells. it is your “hide” RICH SUPPLY OF NERVE FIBERS, BLOOD VESSELS, and LYMPHATIC VESSELS

Answer 13

dermis

Question 14

The dermis has two layer _____ & ______

Answer 14

papillary layer and Reticular layer

Question 15

the thin superficial layer of the dermis, areolar connective tissue. Looseness of this connective tissue allows phagocytes and other defenses to roam freely.

Answer 15

Papillary Layer

Question 16

Deep, 80% of the thickness of the dermis, irregulary arranged, dense fibrous tissue. Cleavage, tension lines, flexure lines

Answer 16

Reticular layer

Question 17

Three pigments that contribute to skin color are

Answer 17

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

Question 18

Polymer made of tyrosine amino acids, range in color from reddish yellow t brownish black, same number of melanocytes, different kinds and amount made.

Answer 18

melanin

Question 19

Yellow or orange pigment found in certain plants such as carrots, accumulate in the stratum corneum and fatty tissue

Answer 19

Carotene

Question 20

Pinkish hue of fair skin reflects chrimson color, red blood cells circulating throughout the dermal capillaries

Answer 20

Hemoglobin

Question 21

______ hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, appear blue during heart failure and respiratory disorder

Answer 21

Cyanosis

Question 22

_______ reddened skin, embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergt

Answer 22

Redness/Erythema

Question 23

_______ fear, anger, emotional stress become pale, anemia or low blood pressure

Answer 23

Pallor/Blanching

Question 24

______ yellow cast, abnormal yellow skin tone, liver disorder, yellow bile pigments accumulate in blood (billirubin)

Answer 24

Jaundice

Question 25

______ bronze, metallic appearance of the skin. produces inadequate amounts of its steroid hormones

Answer 25

Bronzing

Question 26

_______ bruises reveal where blood escaped from circulation and clotted beneath the skin

Answer 26

Hematoma

Question 27

_______ does not produce melanin

Answer 27

Albinism

Question 28

Hair and nails both consist of

Answer 28

Hard Keratin, durable and tough, does not flake off

Question 29

Hair has three concentric layers of keratinized cells

Answer 29

Medulla (central core) Cortex (surrounds medulla) Cuticle (outermost layer)

Question 30

What are the two types of sudoriferous gland?

Answer 30

Eccrine and apocrine gland

Question 31

_______ gland are more numerous, abundant on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead. pores. Released by exocytosis. PREVENT BODY FROM OVERHEATING.

Answer 31

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 32

________ gland, confined largely to the axillary and anogenital areas, release by exocytosis. LARGER THAN ECCRINE GLANDS, they lie deeper in the dermis and their ducts empty into hair follicles. body odor (bacteria) sexual scent glands

Answer 32

Apocrine glands

Question 33

______ are modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal, ear wax

Answer 33

Cereminous glands

Question 34

_______ specialized sweat gland that secrete milk

Answer 34

Mammary glands

Question 35

These glands secrete sebum, arrector pilli contractions force sebum out of the hair follicles to skin surface. Softens and lubricates the skin. accumulate then rupture

Answer 35

Sebaceous (oil) gland

Question 36

The 6 functions of the integumentary system are

Answer 36

``` PROTECTION BODY TEMP REGULATION METABOLIC FUNCTION BLOOD RESERVOIR EXCRETION CUTANEOUS SENSTATION ```

Question 37

3 types of barriers include

Answer 37

chemical, physical biological

Question 38

What are the 3 types of skin cancer

Answer 38

Basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

Question 39

The least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, stratum basale cells proliferate invading the dermis and hypodermis. Slow growing and metastasis seldom occurs before its noticed. appears as shiny dome shaped nodules

Answer 39

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 40

Second most common skin cancer, arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. Grows rapidle and metastasize if not removed. appearsas a sclay reddened papule

Answer 40

Squamous cell carcinom

Question 41

Cancer of melanocytes, the most dangerous skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. can begin wherever there is pigment

Answer 41

Melanoma

Question 42

The key to surviving melanoma is early detecion, apply the ABCD rule for recognizinf melanoma, they stand for

Answer 42

Assymetry Border irregularity Color Diameter

Question 43

A tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals

Answer 43

burn

Question 44

First degree burns characteristic

Answer 44

only the epidermis is damages localized swelling, redness, and pain heal within 2-3 days Ex. sunburns

Question 45

Second degree burns characteristic

Answer 45

injure the epidermis and upper region of the dermis blisters, and first degree burn symptoms heals within 3-4 weeks

Question 46

Third degree burn characteristic

Answer 46

Damages the entire thickness of the skin appears gray-white,cherry red, blackened no pain skin grafting is advised

Question 47

Treating burns by

Answer 47

IV for dehydration antibiotics for infections abundance of nutrition for new cells to form