Ch.8: Joints

Question 1

The site where two or more bones meet

Answer 1

joints

Question 2

The two fundamental functions of joints are

Answer 2

give our skeleton mobility & hold it together

Question 3

________ focuses on the material binding the bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present

Answer 3

Structural Classification

Question 4

Three types of Structural classification are

Answer 4

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint

Question 5

Characteristic of Fibrous joint

Answer 5

Bones are joined by fibrous tissue
has no joint cavity
immovable joint

Question 6

Three types of Fibrous joints are

Answer 6

Suture
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis

Question 7

literally “seams” occurs between bones of the skull, allows the skull to expand as the brain grows during youth.

Answer 7

Suture

Question 8

The closed sutures are precisely called

Answer 8

Synotoses

Question 9

The bones are connected by ligaments, little or no movement is allowed. located on the radius and ulna

Answer 9

Syndesmoses

Question 10

A peg-in-socket fibrous joint. example tooth with its bony alveolar socket. The fibrous connection in this case is the short periodental ligament

Answer 10

Gomphosis

Question 11

Characteristic of Cartilaginous joint

Answer 11

united by cartilage
lack a joint cavity
are not highly moveable

Question 12

Two types of cartilaginous joints are

Answer 12

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Question 13

A bar or plate of HYALINE CARTILAGE unites the bone is a _______, Ex: epiphyseal plates in long bones of children

Answer 13

Synchondrosis

Question 14

A joint where FIBROCARTILAGE unites the bone is a ________. Acts as a shock absorber and permits a limited amount of movement at the joint.Ex: intervertebral joints

Answer 14

Symphysis

Question 15

6 Special characteristic of Synovial joints

Answer 15

• articular cartilage
• joint (articular) cavity
• articular capsule (fibrous layer, external) (synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, internal layer)
• Synovial fluid (decrease friction)
• reinforcing ligament
• nerves and blood vessels (richly supplied)

Question 16

__________ is based on the amount of movement allowed at the joint

Answer 16

Functional classification

Question 17

Three types of Functional Classification are, and explain their movement

Answer 17

Synarthroses (immovable joints)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
Diarthroses ( freely movable joints)

Question 18

________ improve the fit between articulating bones, making the joint more stable and minimizing wear and tear on the joint surfaces

Answer 18

Articular disc/menisci

Question 19

_______ flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendon, or bones rub together

Answer 19

Bursae

Question 20

_______ an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction like a bun around a hot dog. Common where several tendons are crowded together within narrow canals

Answer 20

Tendon sheaths

Question 21

the muscle’s ______ attached to the immovable or less immovable bone

Answer 21

origin

Question 22

the muscle’s ______ attached to the movable bone

Answer 22

Insertion

Question 23

non-axial movement is

Answer 23

sliding movements only, no axis

Question 24

uni-axial movement is

Answer 24

movement in one plane

Question 25

Bi-axial movement is

Answer 25

movement in two planes

Question 26

Multi-axial movement is

Answer 26

Movement in or around three planes of spaces and axes

Question 27

The three general types of movement are

Answer 27

Gliding, Angular, Rotation

Question 28

______ occurs when one flat or nearly flat bone surface slides or slips overs another, (back and forth, Side to side)

Answer 28

Gliding

Question 29

_____ increase or decrease the angle between two bones

Answer 29

Angular

Question 30

5 Angular movement includes and what are their actions

Answer 30

``` flexion (bending) extension (straightening) abduction (away from midline) adduction (toward midline) circumduction (moves in circle) ```

Question 31

_______ the turning of a bone around its own long axis. EX: Movement allowed only in the first two cervical vertebrae, hip and shoulder joint

Answer 31

Rotation

Question 32

Special movements, describe movement of Supination and Pronation

Answer 32

Sup> palm faces superiorly, radius and ulna are parallel | Pro> palm faces inferiorly , radius and ulna form X

Question 33

Special movements, describe movement of Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion

Answer 33

Dors> lifting the foot towards the shin | Plan> pointing the toes

Question 34

Special movements, describe movement of Inversion and Eversion

Answer 34

Inv> sole of the foot turns medially | Eve> sole faces laterally

Question 35

Special movements, describe movement of Protraction and Retraction

Answer 35

Prot> creating a jaw line | Retr> double chin

Question 36

Special movements, describe movement of Elevation and depression

Answer 36

Elev> lifting a body part superiorly | Depr> moving the elevated part inferiorly

Question 37

________ this movement is the action taken when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers in the same hand. Metacarpal I and the trapezium allows this movement

Answer 37

Opposition

Question 38

Six types of Synovial Joints are

Answer 38

- plane joint - hinge joint - pivot joint - codylar joint - saddle joint - Ball-and-socket joint

Question 39

_______ largest and most complex joint in the body. prone to ACL injuries

Answer 39

knee joint

Question 40

Shoulder joint. four tendons and muscle make up the rotator cuffs, which includes

Answer 40

subscalpularis, supraspinatus,infraspinatus, and teres minor

Question 41

Elbow joint. ______ ligament surrounding the head of the radius

Answer 41

Anular ligament

Question 42

_______ like the shoulder joint but more stable, has good range of motion, but not nearly as wide as the shoulder's range

Answer 42

Hip joint

Question 43

_______ is a hinge and gliding joint most easily dislocated

Answer 43

Temporomandibular joint, jaws

Question 44

________ most common trauma induced joint injuries

Answer 44

Sprain and Dislocation

Question 45

________ typically occur when a meniscus is subjected to compression and shear stress at the same time, usually stays torn

Answer 45

Cartilage tears

Question 46

most sport's physician recommend the damage cartilage be removed. Today this can be done by

Answer 46

Arthroscopic surgery

Question 47

______ reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

Answer 47

Sprain

Question 48

_____ occurs when bones are forced out of alignment

Answer 48

Dislocations

Question 49

________ inflammation of a bursa and is usually caused by a blow or friction, Housamaid's knee or Student's Elbow

Answer 49

Bursitis

Question 50

_____ 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints

Answer 50

Arthritis

Question 51

_______ most common chronic arthritis. " wear and tear arthritis"

Answer 51

Osteoarthritis

Question 52

________ an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues

Answer 52

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 53

_______ when blood levels of uric acid rise excessively, it deposits in the soft tissues of joints

Answer 53

Gouty arthritis

Question 54

_______ inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria transmitted by the bite of ticks that live on mice and deer

Answer 54

Lyme disease

Question 55

_______ inflammation of tendon sheaths, caused by overuse

Answer 55

Tendonitis