Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology > Ch.11: Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch.11: Nervous System Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

the master controlling and communicating system of the body

A

Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory input, integration, motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consist of the brain and spinal cord the control center of the nervous system

A

Central nervous sytsem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

part of the nervous system outside the CNS, consist of mainly nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord

A

Periphery nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

spinal nerves

A

carry impulse to and from the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cranial nerves

A

carry impulses to and from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A PNS functional division, consist of nerve fibers that convey impulses toward the CNS from sensory receptor s keeps the CNS informed of events goin on both inside and outside of the body

A

Sensory (afferent) division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Convey impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles and joints

A

Somatic sensory fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

transmit impulses from the visceral organs

A

Visceral sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_________ of the PNS transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs which are the muscles and glands

A

Motor(efferent) division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

somatic nervous system characteristics

A

somatic motor nerve fibers
conduct impulses from the CNS to SKELETAL MUSCLES
VOLUNTARY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

autonomic nervous system characteristics

A

visceral motor nerve fibers
regulate activity of smooth muscles, cardiac, glands
INVOLUNTARY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autonomic nervous system is broken into two subdivisions which are

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The five types of Neuroglial cells

A

astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligondendrocytes, and schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of Astrocytes

A

most abundant, blood brain barrier, control chemical environment around neurons, mop up leaked potassium ions, anchor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristics of Microglial cells

A

Monitor health, sense injury migrate towards it, macrophage, eat up debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of Ependymal cells

A

“wrapping up garment” , line central cavities of the brain and spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelin sheath in the CNS, does not have nucleus, cannot be repaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of Schwann cells

A

Myelin sheath in the PNS, does have a nucleus, can be repaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Characteristics of neurons

A

conduct messages, extreme longevity, not able to divide, and high metabolic rate (oxygen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rough ER of the neuron cell body is called

A

Chromatophollic substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bundles of intermediate filaments

A

neurofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bundles of neuron processes
Tracts
26
main receptive or input region
dendrites
27
generates nerve impulses and transmits them
axon
28
plasma membrane of neuron cell body
axolemma
29
movement away from the cell body
Anterograde movement
30
movement toward the cell body
Retrograde movement
31
Protects and electrically insulates fibers
myelin sheath
32
Myelinated fibers conduct nerve impulses
rapidly
33
Nonmyelinated fibers conduct nerve impulses
slowly
34
dense collections of myelinated fibers
white matter
35
______ contains mostly nerve cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers
Gray matter
36
Characteristics of multipolar neurons
one axon, many dendrites most abundant in the CNS most common
37
Characteristics of bipolar neurons
One axon and one dendrite rare neurons found in special sense organs, such as eye, olfactory
38
Characteristics of Unipolar neurons
myelinated, peripheral process,and central process found mainly in the PNS common in the dorsal root of ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
39
Sensory afferent neurons transmit implulses
from sensory receptors in the skin or internal organs toward or into the CNS
40
Motor efferent neurons carry impulses
away from the CNS to the effector organs(muscles and glands) of the body periphery
41
Interneurons or association neurons are
between motor and sensory neurons in neural pathways and shuttle signals through CNS pathways where integration occurs. MAKE UP 99% OF THE NEURONS OF THE BODY
42
When a neuron is adequately stimulated, an electrical impulse is generated and conducted along the length of its axon
Action potential
43
the measure of potential energy generated by separated charge measured in volts or millivolts
voltage
44
the hindrance to charge flow provided by substances through which the current must pass
Resistance
45
the flow of electrical charge from one point to another
Current
46
Open when the appropriate neurotransmitter binds
Chemically gated, ligand gated
47
Open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential
Voltage-gated channels
48
The resting membrane potentials measures to
-70 Mv
49
A decrease in membrane potential, the inside of the membrane becomes less negative and close to 0
depolarization
50
An increase in membrane potential, the inside of the membrane becomes more negative and moves further away from 0
Hyperpolarization
51
Order of Action potential
``` resting state on -70 Mv threshold hits -55Mv reaches depolarization Na+ floods in Action potential Hyperpolarization, away from Zero becomes more negative returns to resting state ```
52
_________ it either happens completely or doesn't happen at all
all or none phenomenon
53
The period where the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus, no matter how strong, the Na+ channels begin to reset to their original resting state
Absolute refractory period
54
The period where most Na+ channels have returned to their resting state, some K+ channels are still open, an exceptionaly strong stimulus can reopen the Na+ channels that have already returned to their resting state and generate another AP
relative refractory period
55
AP propagation involving nonmyelinated axons, these channels are immediately adjacent to each other, relatively slow
Continuous conduction
56
Electrical signals appears to jump from gap to gap along the axon, relatively fast
saltatory conduction
57
________ auto immune disease, gradually destroys myelin sheath
Multiple sclerosis
58
Characteristics of GROUP A FIBERS
mostly somatic sensory and motor fibers serves skin ,skeletal muscles, and joint fastest, myelinated
59
Characteristics of GROUP B FIBERS
lightly myelinated serves temp, pain, touch,pressure average pace
60
Characteristics of GROUP C FIBERS
non myelinated incapable of saltatory conduction serves smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands slowest
61
the __ & __ fiber groups include autonomic nervous system motor fibers serving the visceral organs, visceral sensory fibers and the smaller somatic sensory fibers
B and C
62
A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron to the next or from a neuron to an effector cell
Synapse
63
Contain protein channels connexons, electrically coupled, provide a simple means of synchronizing, eye movements,embryonic nervous tissue
electrical synapse
64
Allow the release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters, synaptic vesicles, depends on release ,diffusion and receptor binding of neurotransmitter molecules undirectional communication between neurons
Chemical synapse
65
Chemical synapse process
1. action potential arrives at axon terminal 2. Ca+ enters axons 3. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters 4. Neurotransmitters diffuse synaptic cleft and bind to receptors 5. binding open ion channel, graded potential 6. reuptake
66
"language of the nervous system"
neurotransmitters
67
Characteristics of Acetylcholine
most abundant released by all neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles destroyed Acetylcholinesterase
68
Characteristics of Dopamine
Feel good deficiency: parkinsons disease overactive: schizophrenia
69
Characteristics of Serotinin
sleep, appetite, mood, migraine
70
Histamine
acid secretion in the stomach, wakefullness, appetite control and learning, memory
71
substance p
mediator of pain signals
72
endorphins
act as natural opiates, reducing our perception of pain under stressful conditions

Anatomy & Physiology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions