Ch.17: Blood Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is blood composed of?
Plasma, 55%
Buffy coat, leukocytes and platelets,
The total volume of red blood cells
hemotocrit
characteristics of blood
sticky, opaque scarlet to ruby red ph: 7.35 to 7.45 38 celcius 8% of body weight volume: 5-6L males 4-5L females
Functions of Blood include the following:
Distribution: delivery of O2, transporting metabolic waste, hormones
Regulation: maintain body temperature, pH levels. fluid volume
Protection: prevent blood loss, clot formation, prevent infections, antibodies and leukocytes
Characteristics of Plasma
90% wate
over 100 different solutes
plasma proteins are produced by the liver
not taken up to be used as fuels/metabolic nutrients
Composition of Plasma:
Electrolytes (most abundant) Plasma proteins (8%) Albumim 60% Globulins alpha, beta, and gamma 36% Fibrinogen 4%
It acts as a carrier to shuttle certain molecules throgh the circulation, is an important blood buffer, and is the major blood protein contributing to the plasma osmotic pressure
Albumim
Formed Elements include the
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Characteristics of Erythrocytes
biconcave shaped, flattened discs
anucleate, lack a nucleus, no organelles
Spectrin, ability to deform and spring back to normal
huge surface area for gas exchange
97% hemoglobin, binds and supports respiratory gases
do not consume any of the oxygen, anaerobic respiration
Functions of Erythrocytes
Transporting respiratory gases
The protein that makes red blood cells red, and binds easily and reversibly with oxygen, can transport FOUR molecules of Oxygen, red blood cells contain 250 million ________. RBC can scoop up 1 billion O2
Hemoglobin
Oxygen loading occurs in the lungs, from lungs to tissue cells. When oxygen binds to iron, the hemoglobin is now called ______
oxyhemoglobin
In body tissues the process is reversed, Oxygen detaches from iron, hemoglobin resumes its former shape and the resulting _______, or reduced hemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
About 20% of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood combines with hemoglobin. formation of ______
Carbaminohemoglobin
Blood cell formation is referred to _______, which occurs in the red bone marrow
hematopoiesis
All formed elements arise from
Hemocytoblast
Erythrocyte production
Erythropoiesis
A glycoprotein hormone stimulates that formation of erythrocytes, made in the kidneys
Erythroprotein EPO
A condition in which the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism
Anemia
Is caused by blood loss, severe stab wound
Hemorrhagic anemia
A result of inadequate intake of iron-containing foods and impaired iron absorption
Iron-deficiency anemia
An autoimmune disease that most often affects the elderly, destroys cells of their own stomach mucosa
Pernicous anemia
Caused by lack of EPO
Renal anemia
Result from destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation or viruses
Aplastic anemia
