Ch.13 Social Psychology

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

Study of the causes and consequences of sociality

Question 2

Aggression

Answer 2

Behavior with the purpose of harming another

Question 3

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 3

Animals aggress when their desires are frustrated

Question 4

Cooperation

Answer 4

Behavior that leads to mutual benefit

Question 5

Group

Answer 5

Collection of people who have something in common

Question 6

Prejudice

Answer 6

Positive or negative evaluation of another person based on group membership

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

Positive or negative behavior toward another person based on their group membership

Question 8

Common Knowledge Effect

Answer 8

Tendency for group discussions to focus on information that all members share

Question 9

Group Polarization

Answer 9

Tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone

Question 10

Groupthink

Answer 10

Tendency for groups to reach consensus in order to facilitate interpersonal harmony

Question 11

Deindividuation

Answer 11

Immersion in a group causes people to become less concerned with their personal values

Question 12

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 12

Tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way

Question 13

Social Loagin

Answer 13

Tendency for people to expend less effort when in a group than alone

Question 14

Bystander Intervention

Answer 14

Act of helping strangers in emergency situations

Question 15

Altruism

Answer 15

Behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself

Question 16

Kin Selection

Answer 16

Process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives

Question 17

Reciprocal Altruism

Answer 17

Behavior that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

Question 18

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 18

Tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure

Question 19

Passionate Love

Answer 19

Experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy and intense sexual attraction

Question 20

Companionate Love

Answer 20

Experience involving affection, trust and concern for a partner’s well-being

Question 21

Social Exchange

Answer 21

Hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits

Question 22

Social Influence

Answer 22

Ability to control another person’s behavior

Question 23

Norms

Answer 23

Customary standards for behavior that are widely shared by members of a culture

Question 24

Norm of Reciprocity

Answer 24

Unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them

Question 25

Normative Influence

Answer 25

Occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate

Question 26

Door in the face Technique

Answer 26

Influence strategy that involves getting someone to deny an initial request

Question 27

Conformity

Answer 27

Tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it

Question 28

Obedience

Answer 28

Tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do

Question 29

Attitude

Answer 29

Enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event

Question 30

Belief

Answer 30

Enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event

Question 31

Informational Influence

Answer 31

Another person's behavior provides information about what is true

Question 32

Persuasion

Answer 32

Person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another

Question 33

Systematic Persuasion

Answer 33

Changed by appeals to reason

Question 34

Heuristic Persuasion

Answer 34

Changed by appeals to habit or emotion

Question 35

Foot in the door Technique

Answer 35

Making a small request and then following it with a larger request

Question 36

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 36

Unpleasant state when person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs

Question 37

Social Cognition

Answer 37

Processes by which people come to understand others

Question 38

Stereotyping

Answer 38

Process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong

Question 39

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 39

Tendency for people to behave as they are expected to behave

Question 40

Perceptual confirmation

Answer 40

Tendency for people to see what they expect to see

Question 41

Subtyping

Answer 41

Tendency for people who receive disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them

Question 42

Attribution

Answer 42

Inferences about the causes of people's behavior

Question 43

Correspondence Bias

Answer 43

Tendency to make a dispositional attribution when we should instead make a situational attribution

Question 44

Actor-Observer Effect

Answer 44

Tendency to make situational attributions for our behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others