Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Introduction to Psychology > Ch.15 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch.15 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Mental Disorder

A

Persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

History of Disorders

A

Result of religious or supernatural forces; people are feared and ridiculed for deviating from the normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Medical Model

A

Abnormal psychological experiences conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnosis

A

First step to determining the nature of the problem, assessing signs and symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Signs

A

Objectively observed indicators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjectively reported behavior, thoughts and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Disease

A

Known pathological process affecting the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A

Standardized system for classifying mental disorders, describing features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicating how the disorder can be distinguished from another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Comorbidity

A

Co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Etiology

A

Pattern of causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prognosis

A

A typical course over time and susceptibility to treatment and cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Biopsychosocial Perspective

A

Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological and social factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)

A

Guide to classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

Class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phobic

A

Marked, persistent and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Irrational fear that interferes with an individual’s ability to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Social Phobia

A

Irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Preparedness Theory

A

People are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Agrophobia

A

Phobia of public places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sodium Lactate

A

Chemical that produces rapid, shallow breathing and heart palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Unrelenting worries not focused on any particular threat; restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

OCD

A

Repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
PTSD
Chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind
26
Mood Disorders
Mood disturbance as predominant feature
27
Depressive Disorder
Severely depressed mood and inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks, accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy and sleep and appetite disturbance.
28
Dysthymia
Same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression are present, but they are less severe and last longer, persisting for at least two years
29
Double Depression
Moderately depressed mood that persists for at least two years and is punctuated by periods of major depression
30
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern
31
Helplessness Theory
Individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal (their own fault), stable (unlikely to change), global (widespread)
32
Negative Schema
Biases in interpretations of information, attention, memory
33
Bipolar Disorder
Cycles of abnormal, persistent, high mood and low mood
34
Expressed Emotion
Measure of how much hostility, criticism and emotional over-involvement are used when speaking about a family member with a mental disorder
35
Schizophrenia
Profound disruption of basic psychological processes; distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; disturbances in thought
36
Positive Symptoms
Not seen in those without the disorder: Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized speech & behavior
37
Negative Symptoms
Deficits to normal emotions and behaviours
38
Cognitive Symptoms
Deficits to cognitive abilities
39
Dopamine Hypothesis
Idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity
40
ASD
Beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities
41
ADHD
Persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning
42
Conduct Disorder
Persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people or animals, destruction to property
43
Personality Disorders
Enduring patterns of thinking, feeling or relating to others
44
Types of Personality Disorders
odd/eccentric dramatic/erratic anxious/inhibited
45
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
46
Suicide
Intentional self-inflicted death
47
Suicide Attempt
Intention of dying
48
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue in the absence of any intent to die
49
[Lecture] Andrea Yates
Murdered all four of her children and drowned them one by one, and called the police
50
[Lecture] Bedlam Hospital
One of the first major asylums for mental illnesses
51
[Lecture] Phillip Pinel
To understand these people, we must interact with these people
52
[Lecture] Nosology
Classification of diseases, dividing the world of illnesses to different types
53
[Lecture] Medical Student Syndrome
Medical students have a conviction that they have the disorder they discuss in class. Symptoms can be confusing; they can mean different things.
54
[Lecture] Physical VS Mental Illnesses
Mental illnesses differ from physical illnesses because physical illnesses can be tested—there are tests for that—while there is none for mental illnesses. Thus you’re left with just looking at the symptoms = problematic.
55
[Lecture] Problems of Classification
1) Basis of symptoms 2) Continual vs discrete nature 3) Comorbidity 4) Ethnic / cultural considerations
56
[Lecture] GAD
Worry about future
57
[Lecture] Panic
Worry about body
58
[Lecture] Phobia
Worry about specific object
59
[Lecture] OCD
Worry about thought
60
[Lecture] PTSD
Worry about past experience
61
[Lecture] Etiology
Causes
62
[Lecture] Neuropsychology vs Psychopathology
Neuropsychology examines how overt brain injury affects cognition. Psychopathology examines how covert brain injury affects cognition. This is the difference. The latter is more complicated, because we suspect that there are underlying issues, but instead we end up having to work with symptoms instead.
63
[Lecture] Diathesis-Stress Model
Preexisting risk or propensity to possess something, but this is not enough. There must be a stressor that makes risk factor manifest.

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions