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Introduction to Psychology > Ch.15 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch.15 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Disorder

A

Persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment

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2
Q

History of Disorders

A

Result of religious or supernatural forces; people are feared and ridiculed for deviating from the normal

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3
Q

Medical Model

A

Abnormal psychological experiences conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures

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4
Q

Diagnosis

A

First step to determining the nature of the problem, assessing signs and symptoms

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5
Q

Signs

A

Objectively observed indicators

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6
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjectively reported behavior, thoughts and emotions

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7
Q

Disease

A

Known pathological process affecting the body

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8
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A

Standardized system for classifying mental disorders, describing features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicating how the disorder can be distinguished from another

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9
Q

Comorbidity

A

Co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

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10
Q

Etiology

A

Pattern of causes

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11
Q

Prognosis

A

A typical course over time and susceptibility to treatment and cure

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12
Q

Biopsychosocial Perspective

A

Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological and social factors

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13
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

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14
Q

Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)

A

Guide to classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them

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15
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

Class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature

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16
Q

Phobic

A

Marked, persistent and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations

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17
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Irrational fear that interferes with an individual’s ability to function

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18
Q

Social Phobia

A

Irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

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19
Q

Preparedness Theory

A

People are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

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20
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

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21
Q

Agrophobia

A

Phobia of public places

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22
Q

Sodium Lactate

A

Chemical that produces rapid, shallow breathing and heart palpitations

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23
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Unrelenting worries not focused on any particular threat; restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbace

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24
Q

OCD

A

Repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning

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25
Q

PTSD

A

Chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind

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26
Q

Mood Disorders

A

Mood disturbance as predominant feature

27
Q

Depressive Disorder

A

Severely depressed mood and inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks, accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy and sleep and appetite disturbance.

28
Q

Dysthymia

A

Same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression are present, but they are less severe and last longer, persisting for at least two years

29
Q

Double Depression

A

Moderately depressed mood that persists for at least two years and is punctuated by periods of major depression

30
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

Recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

31
Q

Helplessness Theory

A

Individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal (their own fault), stable (unlikely to change), global (widespread)

32
Q

Negative Schema

A

Biases in interpretations of information, attention, memory

33
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Cycles of abnormal, persistent, high mood and low mood

34
Q

Expressed Emotion

A

Measure of how much hostility, criticism and emotional over-involvement are used when speaking about a family member with a mental disorder

35
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Profound disruption of basic psychological processes; distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; disturbances in thought

36
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

Not seen in those without the disorder: Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized speech & behavior

37
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Deficits to normal emotions and behaviours

38
Q

Cognitive Symptoms

A

Deficits to cognitive abilities

39
Q

Dopamine Hypothesis

A

Idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity

40
Q

ASD

A

Beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities

41
Q

ADHD

A

Persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning

42
Q

Conduct Disorder

A

Persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people or animals, destruction to property

43
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Enduring patterns of thinking, feeling or relating to others

44
Q

Types of Personality Disorders

A

odd/eccentric
dramatic/erratic
anxious/inhibited

45
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

46
Q

Suicide

A

Intentional self-inflicted death

47
Q

Suicide Attempt

A

Intention of dying

48
Q

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

A

Direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue in the absence of any intent to die

49
Q

[Lecture] Andrea Yates

A

Murdered all four of her children and drowned them one by one, and called the police

50
Q

[Lecture] Bedlam Hospital

A

One of the first major asylums for mental illnesses

51
Q

[Lecture] Phillip Pinel

A

To understand these people, we must interact with these people

52
Q

[Lecture] Nosology

A

Classification of diseases, dividing the world of illnesses to different types

53
Q

[Lecture] Medical Student Syndrome

A

Medical students have a conviction that they have the disorder they discuss in class. Symptoms can be confusing; they can mean different things.

54
Q

[Lecture] Physical VS Mental Illnesses

A

Mental illnesses differ from physical illnesses because physical illnesses can be tested—there are tests for that—while there is none for mental illnesses. Thus you’re left with just looking at the symptoms = problematic.

55
Q

[Lecture] Problems of Classification

A

1) Basis of symptoms
2) Continual vs discrete nature
3) Comorbidity
4) Ethnic / cultural considerations

56
Q

[Lecture] GAD

A

Worry about future

57
Q

[Lecture] Panic

A

Worry about body

58
Q

[Lecture] Phobia

A

Worry about specific object

59
Q

[Lecture] OCD

A

Worry about thought

60
Q

[Lecture] PTSD

A

Worry about past experience

61
Q

[Lecture] Etiology

A

Causes

62
Q

[Lecture] Neuropsychology vs Psychopathology

A

Neuropsychology examines how overt brain injury affects cognition. Psychopathology examines how covert brain injury affects cognition. This is the difference. The latter is more complicated, because we suspect that there are underlying issues, but instead we end up having to work with symptoms instead.

63
Q

[Lecture] Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Preexisting risk or propensity to possess something, but this is not enough. There must be a stressor that makes risk factor manifest.

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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