Ch.11 Development

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

Study of continuity and change across the life span

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

Fertilized egg that contains chromosomes from both an egg and sperm

Question 3

Germinal Stage

Answer 3

Two week period that begins at conception in which zygote migrates back down the fallopian tube and implants itself in the wall of the uterus

Question 4

Embryonic Stage

Answer 4

Period that lasts from the 2nd week until the 8th week in which cells begin to differentiate

Question 5

Fetal Stage

Answer 5

Period that lasts from the 9th week until birth in which the fetus has a skeleton and muscles that allow movement

Question 6

Myelination

Answer 6

Formation of fatty sheath around neuron axons

Question 7

Placenta

Answer 7

Organ that physically bloodstreams of the mother and the embryo or fetus and permits exchange of certain chemicals

Question 8

Teratogens

Answer 8

Agents that impair development like environmental poisons

Question 9

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 9

Developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol by the mother during pregnancy

Question 10

Infancy

Answer 10

Stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months

Question 11

Motor Development

Answer 11

Emergence of ability to execute physical actions such as reaching, rasping, crawling and walking

Question 12

Cephalocaudal Rule

Answer 12

Tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet

Question 13

Proximodistal Rule

Answer 13

Tendency for motor stills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery

Question 14

Cognitive Development

Answer 14

Emergence of ability to think and understand

Question 15

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 15

Period of development that begins at birth through infancy in which infants busy themselves with ability to sense

Question 16

Schema

Answer 16

Theories about the way the world works

Question 17

Assimilation

Answer 17

Infants apply schemas in novel situations

Question 18

Accommodation

Answer 18

Infants revise their schemas in light of new information

Question 19

Object Permanence

Answer 19

Belief that objects exist even when they are not visible

Question 20

Childhood

Answer 20

Period at 18-24 months to 11-14 years

Question 21

Preoperational Stage

Answer 21

Stage that begins about 2 years to 6 years, during which children develop preliminary understanding of the world

Question 22

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 22

6-11 years, children learn how actions or operations can transform the concrete objects of the physical world

Question 23

Conservation

Answer 23

Quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance

Question 24

Centration

Answer 24

Tendency to focus on just one property of an object

Question 25

Mental Representations

Answer 25

Mind versus real world

Question 26

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 26

Final stage of cognitive development during which children learn to reason about abstract concepts

Question 27

Egocentrism

Answer 27

Failure to understand that the world appears differently to different people

Question 28

Theory of Mind

Answer 28

Understanding that other people's mental representations guide their behavior

Question 29

Strange Situation

Answer 29

Behavioral test used to determine child's attachment style

Question 30

Temperaments

Answer 30

Characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity

Question 31

Internal Working Model of Relationships

Answer 31

A set of beliefs about the self and primary caregiver

Question 32

Preconventional Stage

Answer 32

Morality of action is primarily determined by consequences

Question 33

Conventional Stage

Answer 33

Morality of action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules

Question 34

Postconventional Stage

Answer 34

Morality is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values

Question 35

Adolescence

Answer 35

Onset of sexual maturity to beginning of adulthood

Question 36

Puberty

Answer 36

Bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

Question 37

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 37

Enlargement of breasts, widening of hips, appearance of hair, etc

Question 38

Adulthood

Answer 38

Ends with death

Question 39

[Lecture] Preformationism

Answer 39

Entire child rolled up in sperm cell

Question 40

[Lecture] Precocial

Answer 40

Animals ready to survive on their own upon birth

Question 41

[Lecture] Altricial

Answer 41

Animals with a long period of immaturity and inability to survive on their own

Question 42

[Lecture] Developmental Psychology

Answer 42

How changes happen

Question 43

[Lecture] Jean Piaget

Answer 43

Grandfather of Developmental Psychology

Question 44

[Lecture] Constructivism

Answer 44

View that children are not passive internalizers of knowledge

Question 45

[Lecture] Assimilation

Answer 45

Process by which children translate information into a form they understand

Question 46

[Lecture] Accommodation

Answer 46

Process by which children revise current knowledge structures

Question 47

[Lecture] Equilibration

Answer 47

Process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding

Question 48

[Lecture] Stadial Theory

Answer 48

Development occurs in distinct stages

Question 49

[Lecture] Sensorimotor Stage Failures

Answer 49

Object Permanence

Question 50

[Lecture] Preoperational Stage Failures

Answer 50

Conservation Transitivity Egocentricity Appearance VS Reality

Question 51

[Lecture] Transfer

Answer 51

Near and far transfer

Question 52

[Lecture] Habituation

Answer 52

One way of testing what infants know

Question 53

[Lecture] Décalage

Answer 53

Discontinuity / gap

Question 54

[Lecture] False Consensus Effect

Answer 54

Whatever you choose seems to be what others will do

Question 55

[Lecture] Perseveration

Answer 55

Doing things based on your rhythm