Ch5 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Name the 4 major Macromolecules that make up our cells
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids (fats)
- nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Define Monomers
individual building blocks (molecules) of polymers
Define Polymers
many similar or identical molecules strung together
*train -cars
Define Enzymes
proteins catalysts that can break or make covalent bonds to increase reactions. They have active sites that are specific for their substrates to bind.
How do Enzymes break or make covalent bonds?
by bringing the substrates (reactants) together and removing or adding water which result into a product
Occurs when water is removed to build large molecules like starch, proteins, fats and nucleic acids
Dehydration reaction
Occurs when water is added to break bonds, which break large molecules into smaller molecules
Hydrolysis reaction
Define Monosaccharides
single sugar molecules (monomers) which cells like to use to make ATP, of which glucose is used the most
Name 4 Monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Ribose (RNA)/Deoxyribose (DNA)
Where are Ribose (RNA)/Deoxyribose (DNA) found?
in nucleic acids
Define Disaccharides
2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together
Name 3 Disaccharides
- lactose
- sucrose(TableSugar)
- maltose
lactose are covalently bonded by which two monosaccharides?
glucose & galactose
sucrose are covalently bonded by which two monosaccharides?
glucose & fructose
maltose are covalently bonded by which two monosaccharides?
glucose & glucose
Define Polysaccharides
a carbohydrate with many sugars
Name 4 Polysaccharides
- starch
- glycogen
- cellulose
- chitin
What is the building blocks/monomers of proteins, lipids(fats), nucleric acids(DNA&RNA), & carbohydrates?
- amino acids
- glycerol & fatty acids
- nucleotides
- monosaccharides
Define Glycerol
a lipid consist 3 carbon alcohol with fatty acids bond to each of them to form triglycerides
Fatty acids’ long hydro-carbon tails are saturated with what?
hydrogen
What is the differences between saturated & unsaturated fatty acids?
saturated fats have no double carbon bonds in the chain, while unsaturated ones do. At room temperature, saturated fats are solid in animals, while unsaturated ones are liquid in plants
Why does Triglycerides with unsaturated bonds melt at lower temperature, than those containing saturated bonds?
because unsaturated bonds have a kink in them that prevents close packing between the carbon chains
Why are fats better than glycogen?
they store more energy
Define Steroids
lipids that has backbone of 4 fused carbon rings, each one differs by the functional group attached to the rings.
