Ch6 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define organelles
cellular structures that serve specific functions
Where is the Cytoplasm located?
in the region of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
What is the nucleus and what does it do?
- Double Membrane organelle that houses DNA, which unfolds & creates messenger RNA, & nucleolus
- contains pores for passage of mRNA into the cytoplasm
What does the Nucleolus do?
makes ribosomal RNA
What does the Ribosomes do?
translates mRNA to proteins
What does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum do?
folds proteins as they enter from Ribosome
What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do?
lipid & steroid hormone synthesis, detoxification
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
modify proteins by adding carbohydrates to them
What does the Lysosomes do?
intracellular digestions
*vesicles that contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules
What does the Messenger RNA do?
carries protein code from the gene to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
What does the Genes do?
codes for proteins
What does the Mitochondria do?
cellular respiration which creates ATP
*power plants of cells
Write out the reaction for Cellular Respiration
Glucose + O2»_space; ATP + CO2 + H2O
Define Glycolysis
a series of enzyme steps that converts glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules & 2 NADH & in the process generates 2 ATP
*requires no oxygen
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) occur?
in a circular pathway located in the matrix (liquid portion) of the mitochondria
- pyruvate enters & yields 2 ATP, 10 NADH, & 2 FADH2
- requires oxygen
Where does the Oxidative Phosporylation (Ox Phos) occur?
in the Mitochondria Cristae that converts all NADH and 2 FADH2 to ATP in the electron transport chain
*requires oxygen
What occurs from glycolysis in the cytoplasm?
Anaerobic metabolism
*produce lactic acids, ethanol for yeast
Define Anaerobic Respiration
low oxygen in the environment
What 3 organelles do plants have that animal cells do not?
cell walls, central storage vacuoles, & chloroplasts
*bacteria only have ribosomes & cell wall made of peptidoglycans
Write out the reaction for Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + sunlight»_space; glucose + O2
Why do you need oxygen?
to combust food molecules completely to make ATP in the mitochondria
Where do Light Reaction occurs in the chloroplast?
in the Thylakoid membranes, light & water will transform light energy into ATP and NADPH, Oxygen is released in this reaction as water is split apart
Where do Calvin Cycle occurs in the chloroplast?
in the Stroma, ATP & NADPH are used to transform Carbon dioxide into glucose
Name the 3 components of the cytoskeleton
Microtubules—tubulin
Microfilaments-actin
Intermediate filament-keratin
