CHAPMAN AND DELAPP (STRENGTHS/ WEAKNESSES/ ISSUES AND DEBATES)

Question 1

Strength- Methodolgical reliability

Answer 1

• Evidence- use of multiple validated standardised psychometric measures to asess treatment outcomes and quantify patient improvments.
• Reduces single-method bias, reduces variability in data collection, can be replicated, faciltates easier data analysis.

Question 2

Strength- Case study design

Answer 2

Evidence- indepth detailed qualitative data collected
Allows in-depth exploration into patients specific context, history, and psychological profile, offering valuable insights into their thoughts, feelings, and emotional responses before, during, and after treatment.

Thus, faciliates deeper understanding of the complexities of BII, clinical variables (severe anxiety), and also how CBT interacts with BIIP/

Question 3

Weakness- generalisbility

Answer 3

Evidence - 1 pptt (single-case design)
BIIP manifests differently/ heterogenously due to different backgrounds or comorbidities, but the study dosen’t account for this.
Would a patient with comordbid panic disorder response differnetly to the same protocal.

Question 4

Weakness- self-report boas

Answer 4

Relies on self-reported data (which can be influenced by recall bias, response bias subjective interpretation, social desirability bias (patient may feel pressured to report improvements where there were none)– all affect validity of the results.

Question 5

Why is the lack of control group comparisons a weakness as well?

Answer 5

Cannot rule out placebo effects, spontaneous improvement, or other confounding variables.

Question 6

What is spontaneous improvement?

Answer 6

a positive change that occurs without external causes or intervention.

Question 7

Nature vs Nurture debate- Chaplan and Delapp (2014)?

Answer 7

Nurture (learned fear and avoidance behaviors): can be treated via CBT.
Nature: But also acknowledges nature (the biological vasovagal response causing fainting- (BISS).

Question 8

Determinism vs free will?

Answer 8

Free will- highlights how CBT can be used to control thoights and behaviours associated with phobias (sggests autonomy in overcomming phobias)

Question 9

Holism vs reductionism?

Answer 9

Holism- A combined approach (CBT + AMT) is more holistic, addressing both psychological and biological factors.

Question 10

Ethics?

Answer 10

~Overall good
Protection from harm- ppt completed therapy without SUD score from becoming to high. Though, exposure therpay can cause distress.
Informed consent- understood procedure

Question 11

RWA?

Answer 11

The study supports CBT and AMT as effective treatments for BII phobia, helping improve real-world interventions for anxiety disorders.