Chapter 1: 1.1-1.3 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the six structural levels of organization?
Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level
How many organ systems does the human body have?
11
Describe the chemical level
Smallest level, foundation, composed of thousands of atoms
Describe the cellular level
Groups of many different types of molecules eg heart, skin and brain cells
What is the tissue level comprised of?
Two or more cell types cooperating to perform common function
What are the two components of the tissue level?
Cells and surrounding extracellular matrix
What do tissues vary from?
Membrane sheets that cover body cavities to irregularly shaped cartilage in nose
What is histology?
Study of tissues
What are some tissue examples?
Epithelial, connective nervous, muscle
What does the organ level comprise of?
Two or more issues that combine
What are the characteristics of the organ level?
They have a recognizable shape and perform special functions eg. Heart and lung
What is the organ system?
Organs grouped together to carry out broad functions eg. Cardiovascular and digestive
What is the organism level?
Organ systems that work together to make up a working human body or organism
What are the organ systems? (Name them)
Digestive, male and female reproductive, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, lymphatic, endocrine, integumentary, skeletal, muscular
What does the integumentary system include? (3)
Hair skin and nails and protects the body from external environment
What does the skeletal system include? (2)
Bones and joints that support the body and protect internal organs
What does the muscular system include? (1)
Skeletal muscles that produce movement and generate heat
What does the nervous system include? (3)
Brain, spinal cord and nerves that regulate body functions
What does the endocrine system include? (4)
The glands (pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal) hypothalamus, pancreas and ovaries for women and testes for men and regulates functions of body, muscles glands and other tissues through secretion
What does the cardiovascular system include? (2)
Blood vessels and heart and pumps and removes waste from tissues and transports cells, nutrients and other substances
What does the lymphatic system include? (5)
Tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels and returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system and provides immunity
What does the respiratory system include? (5)
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs and deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
What does the digestive system include? (8)
Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, large and small intestine, and digests food and absorbs nutrients into the blood
What does the urinary system include? (4)
Kidneys, uterers,urinary bladder and urethra which remove metabolic waste from the blood
