Chapter 8: Articulations

Question 1

What joint classification has the most mobility?

Answer 1

Diarthrosis

Question 2

What are the 3 main joints based on movement?

Answer 2

Synarthrosis (no movement) eg. Head, amphiarthrosis (small movements) eg, vertebrae and diarthrosis (free movement) eg. Knee

Question 3

What are the main functions of fibrous joints?

Answer 3

No movement, mostly stability

Question 4

What are the main structural classifications of fibrous joints?

Answer 4

Sutures, gomphosis and syndesmosis

Question 5

Describe suture

Answer 5

Only in head, very stable and for protection

Question 6

Describe gomphosis?

Answer 6

Found in mouth/teeth, has periodontal ligament and links tooth firmly to jawbone

Question 7

Describe syndesmosis.

Answer 7

Found between radius and ulna, fibula and tibia and joined by interoseseous membrane

Question 8

What are the types of cartilage joints?

Answer 8

Synchondroses and symphyses

Question 9

Describe epiphyseal plate

Answer 9

Weakest point of developing bone where the bone hasn’t ossified yet so there can be growth. Found in hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Describe intervertebral joints?.

Answer 10

Found between adjacent vertebral bodies of spinal column

Question 11

Describe pubic symphysis

Answer 11

Found between pubic bones of pelvic girdle

Question 12

Why is there articular cartilage at the end of long bones?

Answer 12

Reduction of friction and prevents them from rubbing together when you use your joints

Question 13

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 13

Bone to bone

Question 14

What is abduction?

Answer 14

Movement of the body away from the midline eg. Fingers spread apart

Question 15

What is adduction?

Answer 15

Movement of body part towards midline of the body eg fingers pressed together

Question 16

Shaking your head no is what type of joint movement?

Answer 16

Rotational

Question 17

What are the functional types of synovial joints?

Answer 17

Nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial

Question 18

What do the axial joints for synovial joints mean?

Answer 18

Allows motion around a certain number of axes

Question 19

What are some types of angular movement

Answer 19

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and rotation

Question 20

Flexion

Answer 20

Decreases 180° angle by bringing parts closer to eachother

Question 21

Extension

Answer 21

Increases angle between bones

Question 22

Hyperextension

Answer 22

Extension beyond anatomical position of joints (more than 180°) only in hips and shoulder

Question 23

Circumduction

Answer 23

Circular rotation of hip and shoulder. Only unpaired angular movement combination of flexion and extension and abduction and adduction movements

Question 24

Rotation

Answer 24

Nonangular movement eg. Shaking head no

Question 25

What are some special movements?

Answer 25

Opposition, reposition, depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion,, dorsiflexion, planarflexion, supination and pronation

Question 26

Opposition of thumb

Answer 26

Allows thumb to move across palm

Question 27

Reposition of thumb

Answer 27

Returns thumb to anatomical position

Question 28

Depression

Answer 28

Moves part of body in inferior direction

Question 29

Elevation

Answer 29

Moves part of body in superior direction

Question 30

Protraction

Answer 30

Moves part of body in anterior direction

Question 31

Retraction

Answer 31

Move body in posterior direction

Question 32

Inversion

Answer 32

Rotation in medial direction

Question 33

Eversion

Answer 33

Rotation in lateral direction

Question 34

Dorsiflexion

Answer 34

Angle between foot and leg decreases

Question 35

Planar flexion

Answer 35

Angle between foot and ley increases

Question 36

Supination and pronation

Answer 36

Rotational movements of wrist and ankle

Question 37

What are the body parts that only flex?

Answer 37

The elbow and knee

Question 38

What part of the knee stabilizes and holds it in place?

Answer 38

Lateral meniscus

Question 39

What is the gleno humoral joint also called?

Answer 39

Shoulder joint (glenoidcavity) and humerus

Question 40

What is symphysis used for?

Answer 40

Protection and shock absorption

Question 41

What does the bursa make?

Answer 41

Synovial fluid

Question 42

What parts of the body can only flex?

Answer 42

The elbow and knee

Question 43

What parts of the body can hyperextend?

Answer 43

The hip and the shoulder

Question 44

What does the lateral meniscus do?

Answer 44

Stabilizes the knee and holds it in place

Question 45

What does the glenoid cavity and the humerus make?

Answer 45

The glenohumeral joint

Question 46

What’s the difference between partial and total hip replacement?

Answer 46

Total replacement removes and replaces the head of the femur, and the acetabulum gets reconstructed, while in partial reconstruction only the head of the femur is replaced

Question 47

What joint gets squished when you sleep?

Answer 47

Symphisis

Question 48

What type of joint is the only one with a joint cavity?

Answer 48

Synovial joint

Question 49

What makes synovial fluid?

Answer 49

Synovial membrane and bursa

Question 50

What are the differences between synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous joints?

Answer 50

Movement ability, synovial has joint cavity, functions places found

Question 51

How is circumduction movement?

Answer 51

Like a fan