Chapter 6: Bone Tissue,,

Question 1

.
What cells make bone?

Answer 1

Osteoblasts

Question 2

What cells breakdown bone?

Answer 2

Osteoclasts

Question 3

What structure persists into adulthood and for life?

Answer 3

Articular cartilage

Question 4

How do long bones lengthen?

Answer 4

By longitudinal growth

Question 5

How does bone growth take place in long bones?

Answer 5

It takes place by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Question 6

What is bone growth in length called?

Answer 6

Longitudinal

Question 7

What is bone growth in width called?

Answer 7

Appositional

Question 8

How does the sun help bone growth?

Answer 8

Vitamin D comes from the sun, and increases osteoblast while decreasing osteoclast activity

Question 9

What increases osteoclast activity?

Answer 9

Continuous pressure placed on bone, parathyroid hormone and decrease in calcium ion concentration

Question 10

What decreases osteoblast activity?

Answer 10

Inaclequate exercise and dietary intake of calcium or vitamins c,d or K

Question 11

What increases osteoblast activity?

Answer 11

Compressional load or exercise, testosterone, tension placed on bone and adequate dietary intake of vitamins c,d and k

Question 12

What decreases osteoclast activity?

Answer 12

Estrogen, calcitonin, and increase in blood calcium ion concentration

Question 13

Steps of bone repair?

Answer 13

1) hematoma fills ingap between bone fragments
2) fibroblast and chondroblasts go into hematoma and form soft callus
3) osteoblasts build bone ( hard ) callus
4) bone callus is remodelled and primary bone replaced with secondary bone

Question 14

What cells contribute to calcification during inframembranous ossification?

Answer 14

Mesenchymal cells

Question 15

Describe the epiphysis

Answer 15

The end of a diaphysis, covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage

Question 16

What is the diaphysis

Answer 16

Shaft of the long bone

Question 17

What is the articular cattilage?

Answer 17

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to rub together with reduced friction at joints

Question 18

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 18

Growth plates that allow bones to grow in size

Question 19

How de you know when a person is done growing?

Answer 19

The epiphyseal plate becomes a line

Question 20

What are the 2 bone textures?

Answer 20

Spongy and compact

Question 21

What does the compact bone do?

Answer 21

Allows bone to resist linear compression and twisting forces

Question 22

What does the spongy bone do?

Answer 22

Allows long bones to resist forces from many directions

Question 23

What are some things only long bones have?

Answer 23

Epiphyses,diaphyses, medullary cavities, ephyseal lines and plates

Question 24

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 24

Protection blood cell formation, fat storage, movement and support

Question 25

What are 5 bone shapes?

Answer 25

Long bones, short bones, flat, irregular and sesamoid

Question 26

Example of each type of bone?

Answer 26

Long- humerus Short - trapezium Flat- sternum Irregular- vertebrae Sesamoid - patella

Question 27

What are the types of bone marrow?

Answer 27

Red and yellow bone marrow

Question 28

What kind of marrow decreases with age?

Answer 28

Red bone marrow

Question 29

What is yellow bone marrow comprised of?

Answer 29

Triglycerides, blood vesselsand adipocytes

Question 30

What are the kinds of fracture?

Answer 30

Simple and compound fractures

Question 31

What steps are in the process of bone repair?

Answer 31

A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments, fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms, osteoblasts build a bone callus, which is remodelled and the primary bone is replaced with the secondary bone

Question 32

How is bone remodeling a negative feedback?

Answer 32

the body respond to a low calcium ion level

Question 33

What kind of tendon is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 33

Specialized

Question 34

What are some examples of flat bones?

Answer 34

Ribs, pelvis and most skull bones

Question 35

What are some examples of trapezium bones?

Answer 35

Tarsals and carpals

Question 36

What is the part of the bone that is outside and extends to the regular tissue and surrounds the long bone?

Answer 36

Periosteum

Question 37

How many zones of hyaline cartilage are there?

Answer 37

5

Question 38

What kind of cells are osteocytes?

Answer 38

Mature bone cells

Question 39

What kind of cell deals with the process of bone deposition?

Answer 39

Osteoblasts

Question 40

What kind of cell type deals with bone resorption/remodelling?

Answer 40

Osteoclasts

Question 41

What is the lacuna?

Answer 41

Fluid filled cavity occupied by osteocytes

Question 42

What are the structural units of mature compact bones?

Answer 42

Osteons

Question 43

Why do skull bones develop faster than bones in other parts of the body?

Answer 43

They have intramembranous ossification, lacking a cartilage stage

Question 44

What kind of ossification is seen in long bones?

Answer 44

Endochronal ossification

Question 45

Why are women on average smaller than men?

Answer 45

They see plate closure sooner than men

Question 46

What happens in terms of bone resorption and deposition when you are physically active?

Answer 46

Bone deposition is greater than resorption

Question 47

What does PTH do?

Answer 47

Takes calcium out of the bone and into the bloodstream

Question 48

Where is it most important to have calcium?

Answer 48

In the blood

Question 49

What happens with there is a defect in the PTH?

Answer 49

Low blood calcium

Question 50

What kind of fracture requires no surgery?

Answer 50

Simple

Question 51

What kind of fracture usually occurs in kids?

Answer 51

Greenstick