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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 4: 4.1.4.5 : Introduction To Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: 4.1.4.5 : Introduction To Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What’s histology?

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

What is the free surface on the tissue called?

A

Apical surface

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3
Q

What are the epithelia cell types by layer?

A

Simple epithelia with a single cell layer and stratified with more than one cell layer

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4
Q

What are The types of epithelia tissue by shape?

A

Squamous cells which are flattened, cuboidal cells which are short and columnar cells which are tall and elongated

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5
Q

What are simple epithelial tissue used for?

A

The transportation of substances between different tissues (diffusion) can also be used for absorption and secretion

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6
Q

What are stratified epithelium used for mostly?

A

Protection

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7
Q

What is simple squamous epithelial vs. Stratified squamous?

A

Simple squamous for rapid diffusion of substances eg. Oxygen. Carbon dioxide, fluids, ions and stratified squamous for protection

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8
Q

Describe keratinized stratified squamous epithelial. (Dead epithelial keratinized cells)

A

Apical layers are dead, lack nuclei, filled with keratin and well adapted for outer layers of skin
Present in hair, skin and nails

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9
Q

Describe nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial?

A

Apical nuclei layers are alive, area must stay moist. Found in mouth throat esophagus, anus and vagina

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10
Q

Simple vs. Stratified cuboid

A

Simple cuboid - absorption and secretion
Stratified cuboid - protection

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11
Q

Simple vs. Stratified columnar

A

Simple- absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances
Stratified - protection , some absorption and secretion

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12
Q

What’s pseudo stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Appears layered because nuclei at various heights, the goblet cells are the cause for this. Only one-cell layer thick and found in segments of respiratory tract, ciliate

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Found only in urinary bladder, apical cells flatten allowing tissues to stretch

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14
Q

What’s the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine glands secrete products, usually hormones into bloodstream directly without use of ducts while exocrine releases products onto apical surfaces of epithelium and uses ducts

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15
Q

Where are goblet cells seen?

A

In both digestive and respiratory tract, secretes mucus ciliated pseudostratified epithelial

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16
Q

What are the basic groups of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

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17
Q

What are the function of connective tissue?

A

Connecting and binding, support protection transport

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18
Q

What are the cells of connective tissue proper?

A

Fibroblasts, adiopocytes, mast cells, phagocytes and other immune system cells

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19
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

Fat cells filled with large lipid inclusion

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20
Q

What are the largest resident cells?

A

Mast calls

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21
Q

What are 4 types of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular tissue and adipose tissue

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22
Q

Where is loose /areolar connective tissue found?

A

In membranes lining body cavities and within walls of hollow organs.

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23
Q

What are the 3 dense connective tissue type?

A

Dense irregular,
Dense regular
Dense regular elastic

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24
Q

What is difference between tendon and ligament?

A

Tendon is muscle to bone

Ligament is bone to bone

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25
Where is reticular tissue found?
Lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow
26
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Fat storage, insulation, shock absorption
27
What is the major energy reserve in the body?
Adipose
28
What are the 3 types of specialized connective tissue?
Cartilage, blood and bone
29
What are lacuna?
The clear area around chondrocytes for protection
30
What are chondrocytes?
The cells of cartilage
31
What are osteocytes?
Cells of the bone
32
The the 3 classes of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartlage and elastic cartilage
33
What are the 3 components of bone?
Osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts
34
What's the difference between osteoclast and osteoblasts?
Osteoclasts destroys bone Ostablasts makes bone
35
What is The components of blood?
Plasma proteins Erythrocytes ( red blood cells) Leukocytes (white) Platelet (thrombocytes)
36
What is the muscle cell?
Myocyte
37
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
38
What's something the skeletal and cardiac muscles have in common?
They are striated
39
What kind of movement does the skeletal muscle have?
Voluntary
40
What kind of movement does the cardiac muscle have?
Involuntary
41
What's the special feature of cardiac muscle tissue?
Intercalated discs
42
What kind of movement does smooth muscle have?
Involuntary
43
Where's smooth tissue?
In nearly every hollow organ, blood vessels, eyes, skin and ducts of certain glands
44
How many nucleus for smooth?
Uninucleated
45
What are the 2 main cell types of nervous tissue?
Neurons and neuroglial cells
46
What are the 3 main components of neurons?
Soma, axon and dendrites
47
What do neurons do?
Generate, conduct, and receive electrical messages
48
What do neuroglial cells do?
Support the activity of neurons
49
What are the cells of loose connective tissue called?
Fibroblasts
50
What does loose connective tissue do?
Binds the muscle to the dermis
51
Where is fibrocartilage found?
In intervertebral discs
52
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
At the end of bones
53
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Ears
54
What does skeletal and cardiac muscle have that smooth muscle doesn’t?
Striations
55
What does skeletal muscle do?
Binds to the bone for movement
56
What are red blood cells used for?
Binding and transport of oxygen throughout the body
57
What are white blood cells used for?
Immunity
58
What are platelets used for?
Blood clotting
59
What fills goblet cells?
Mucus
60
What does the ciliated pseudo stratified epithelial tissue do?
It pushes mucus out of the throat
61
What do osteocytes turn into?
Osteoblasts
62
What is inside the glands in the epithelial tissue?
Saliva, sweat, hormones, enzymes, breast milk
63
What do merocrine glands secrete?
Mostly saliva and sweat
64
What are holocrine glands used by to secrete?
Sebaceous glands to secrete sebum
65
What are apocrine glands used to secrete?
Milk from the mammary glands
66
Where can simple columnar tissue be found?
GI tract or stomach
67
Where is smooth muscle tissues found?
In vessels, also in digestive and cardiac systems
68
Where can dermis irregular connective tissue be found?
Dermis
69
Where is simple columnar epithelial found?
GI tract, stomach
70
Where is stratified columnar tissue found?
Ducts of certain glands, conjunctiva
71
Where is simple cuboidal epithelial tissue found?
found in instetines
72
Where is stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue found?
Ducts of sweat glands
73
Where is simple squamous found?
Lungs and blood vessels
74
Where’s pseudo stratified tissue found?
Throat, respiratory and digestive tract

Anatomy And Physiology (22 decks)

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