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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 9: Muscle System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Muscle System Flashcards

1
Q

What facial muscles are involved in smiling?

A

Zygomaticus major and minor muscles

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2
Q

What facial muscle is involved in frowning?

A

Depressor anguli oris

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3
Q

What are the muscles involved in respiration?

A

Diaphragm and internal and external intercostals

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4
Q

How do the pectoralis muscles affect the shoulder or arm?

A

The pectoralis major is a synergist that adducts the arm at the shoulder

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5
Q

What are the pectoralismajor and the deltoid in relation to eachother?

A

They are antagonists

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6
Q

What does the deltoid do?

A

Abducts the arm

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7
Q

What muscles adduct the thigh?

A

The adductor longus, brevis and magnus as well as the gracilis

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8
Q

What are the 4 quad muscles?

A

The rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, intermedius and medialis

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9
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendonosus, semi membranosus and biceps femoris

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10
Q

How does the gastrocnemius affect the lag and foot?

A

It induces hip flexion,knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion

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11
Q

How does the soleus affect the leg and foot?

A

It is opposite of gastrocnemius and acts as a knee extensor and an ankle plantar flexor

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12
Q

What are the 5 muscle shapes?

A

Parallel, convergent and pennate circular and fusiform

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13
Q

What’s the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius parallel

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14
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A group of fibers

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15
Q

What covers a fascicle?

A

The perimysium

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16
Q

What does the endomysium cover?

A

Fibers

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17
Q

What are sphincters?

A

Circular arrangements that surround body openings

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18
Q

What do synergists do?

A

They aid agonists by adding force

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19
Q

What do antagonists do?

A

They allow for modulation and control of agonists

20
Q

What do agonists do?

A

They provide the most force for given actions

21
Q

What do fixators do?

A

They keep muscles grounded

22
Q

Difference between origin and insertion points

A

Origin is the anchoring point of the muscle and insertion is the moving point

23
Q

Where is the levator anguli oris found?

A

Around the mouth

24
Q

What is the buccinator used for?

A

Chewing

25
Q

What does the platysma do?

A

Pulls the chin down

26
Q

What muscles are involved in eating, drinking and speaking?

A

The orbicularis oris and the depressor labii inferioris

27
Q

What does the frontalis and the epicranial aponeurosis do?

A

Raises the eyebrows and forehead

28
Q

What does the corrugator supercili do?

A

Closes the eyes

29
Q

How many muscles does each eye have?

A

6

30
Q

What does rectus mean?

A

Straight

31
Q

What muscles elevate the mandible for biting and chewing?

A

Temporalis and masseter

32
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid made of?

A

The sternum, clavicle and mastoid

33
Q

What is the antagonist to the abdominal muscle?

A

The erector spinae

34
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The line of connective tissue that divides the left and right rectus abdominus muscles

35
Q

Difference between external urethral and anal sphincters?

A

Urination and defecation

36
Q

What is the agonist of adduction?

A

Latissimus dorsi

37
Q

What muscle flexes the hand?

A

The flexor carpi ulnaris

38
Q

What abducts the thigh and medially rotates the thighs and pelvis while walking?

A

The gluteus minimus

39
Q

What does the soleus help in?

A

Climbing the stairs

40
Q

What is the main muscle also called?

A

Agonist

41
Q

What muscle forces oppose each other?

A

Synergists and antagonist

42
Q

Explain the biceps brachial, brachialis ans triceps brachii in terms of forces?

A

Synergist - biceps brachii
Agonist - brachialis
Antagonist - triceps brachii

43
Q

What forces are the lats and pecs?

A

Synergists

44
Q

What are the gluteus types?

A

Maximus, medius and minimus

45
Q

What type of glute abducts the thigh and medially rotates while walking?

A

Minimus

46
Q

What’s hard to do when hamstrings hurt?

A

Walk and run

Anatomy And Physiology (22 decks)

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