Chapter 10: Muscle System

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane called in the muscle cell?

Answer 1

Sarcolemma

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm called in the muscle cell?

Answer 2

Sarcoplasm

Question 3

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called in the muscle cell?

Answer 3

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

What protein is in the thick filament?

Answer 4

Myosin

Question 5

What protein is in the thin filament?

Answer 5

Actin, troponin and tropomyosin

Question 6

What connective tissue surrounds a muscle fiber?

Answer 6

Endonysium

Question 7

What is the contractile unit of the myofibril called?

Answer 7

The sarcomere

Question 8

What is the act of acetylcholine being released from the axon terminal called?

Answer 8

Exocytosis

Question 9

What is called when the myosin head binds to the actin molecule?

Answer 9

Cross - bridge formation

Question 10

Where does the main immediate source of ATP for contraction come from?

Answer 10

The main energy is stored ATP in the muscle fiber which are rapidly consumed during muscle contraction

Question 11

What is infused tetanus?

Answer 11

This is when fibers are stimulated about 50 times per second, with the fiber partially relaxing between stimuli

Question 12

What is fused tetanus?

Answer 12

Aka complete tetanus, when fibers are stimulated at a rate of 80 to 100 stimuli per second and do not relax between stimuli

Question 13

What does the release of acetylcholine by latrotoxin cause muscle cells to do?

Answer 13

Have more contractions or spasms

Question 14

Are type 1 fibers fast or slow?

Answer 14

Slow usually when sitting and standing

Question 15

What must occur in the muscle to increase tension to pick up something heavy?

Answer 15

Motor units must be recruited and subsequently increased when needed

Question 16

What kind of movement is skeletal?

Answer 16

Voluntary

Question 17

What kind of movement is cardiac and smooth muscles?

Answer 17

Involuntary

Question 18

What is smooth muscle for?

Answer 18

Blood flow and breathing

Question 19

What is cardiac used in?

Answer 19

Heart

Question 20

Why is the sarcoplasmic recticulum more important?

Answer 20

Stores and releases calcium ions

Question 21

What could a myofilament be?

Answer 21

Actin and myosin

Question 22

What are myofibrils made of?

Answer 22

Actin and myosin

Question 23

What is triggered to move and connect the actin to myosin for movement?

Answer 23

Calcium

Question 24

What protein doesn’t move?

Answer 24

Myosin

Question 25

What does calcium trigger?

Answer 25

Troponin and tropomysosin

Question 26

Where is muscle tension produced?

Answer 26

The sacromere

Question 27

What will you see when musvle is not contracting?

Answer 27

H - zone

Question 28

What shortens when muscles contract?

Answer 28

Sarcomere

Question 29

What is the A - band called or what’s found there?

Answer 29

Myosin

Question 30

Where does information come from the brain to go?

Answer 30

From the brain down to the axon to the neuromuscular junction

Question 31

What is needed for exocytosis?

Answer 31

Calcium

Question 32

Where is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 32

End of the muscle

Question 33

What happens with no calcium?

Answer 33

No binding or muscle contraction

Question 34

What are the steps of the cross bridge cycle?

Answer 34

Myosin binds to actin, ATP converts to ADP to release energy and there’s a power stroke then for release, ADP goes back to ATP

Question 35

Where is calcium pumped back into during the muscle relaxation stage?

Answer 35

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

What is the most immediate source of energy?

Answer 36

Creatine phosphate

Question 37

How many ATP made from glycotic energy sources?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

Difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Answer 38

Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscles and hemoglobin in blood

Question 39

How much ATP does oxidative energy source make?

Answer 39

38

Question 40

What does latrotixin do?

Answer 40

Increases release of acetacholyine

Question 41

What does clostridium botulinum do?

Answer 41

Inhibits release of acetacholyine

Question 42

What is preferred between fused and unfused tetanus?

Answer 42

Fused

Question 43

What does Type 1 muscle fibers lack?

Answer 43

Speed

Question 44

What kind of movement is skeletal?

Answer 44

Voluntary

Question 45

What type of speed is Type 2A?

Answer 45

Fast oxidative