Chapter 1

Question 1

Properties of life (7)

Answer 1

Order(ed) structure
Evolutionary adaptations
Regulation
Response to stimuli/environment
Energy Processing
Growth&Development
Reproduction

Question 2

5 Unifying themes of biology

Answer 2

Organization
Information
Energy and Matter
Interactions
Evolution

Question 3

10 levels of Biological Organization
Big to small

Answer 3

Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

All life on earth and places where life exists.

Question 5

Ecosystems

Answer 5

All living things and non living components that life interacts with in a particular area

Question 6

Communities

Answer 6

The organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem (living only)

Question 7

Populations

Answer 7

An inbreeding group of individuals OF A SINGLE TYPE within a defined area

Question 8

Organisms

Answer 8

Individual living things

Question 9

Organs

Answer 9

Body parts made up of multiple tissues that has specific functions in the body

Question 10

Tissue

Answer 10

A group of cells working together to perform a specialized function

Question 11

Cell

Answer 11

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Question 12

Organelles

Answer 12

The various functional components present in cells

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

A chemical structure consisting of 2 or more atoms

Question 14

Emergent properties

Answer 14

As you go up the hierarchy new properties arise and complexity increases

Question 15

Systems biology

Answer 15

Exploring biological systems by analyzing the interactions of its parts

Question 16

Cell theory

Answer 16

All living things are made up of cells

Question 17

Prokaryote (7 properties)

Answer 17

No nucleus
Lacks organelles
Simple structure
Unicellular
Reproduces through Binary Fision
Circular DNA
smaller

Question 18

Prokaryotes examples

Answer 18

Bacteria and archaen

Question 19

Eukaryotes (7 traits)

Answer 19

Has nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Complex structure
Unicellular or multicellular
Mitosis or meiosis
Linear DNA
Bigger

Question 20

Eukaryote examples

Answer 20

Humans plants animals fungi protists

Question 21

What do pro and euk have in common

Answer 21

DNA, ribosomes, cell membranes, cytoplasm

Question 22

Chromosomes contain

Answer 22

Genetic material in DNA form

Question 23

Gene

Answer 23

A unit of hereditary information that transmits information from parent to offspring

Question 24

Nucleotides

Answer 24

Chemical building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 25

Protein encoding

Answer 25

cell transcribes a matching mRNA molecule. Cell translates the info from the mRNA to form an Amino Acid Chain AAC folds into a specific protein shape

Question 26

Amino Acid

Answer 26

Building blocks for protein

Question 27

Gene expression

Answer 27

Process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and functional RNAs

Question 28

Genomics

Answer 28

Large scale analysis of genomes AND comparison of genomes between species

Question 29

Bioinformatics

Answer 29

Uses computational tools to deal with large volumes of sequence data

Question 30

Energy ______ through ecosystems via

Answer 30

Flows via the food chain

Question 31

Producers

Answer 31

Convert energy from the sun into chemical energy It is used by the plant, absorbed by a consumer or released as heat energy

Question 32

Chemical cycling

Answer 32

Plants take chemicals from the soil Chemicals are passed through the food chain Decomposes return chemicals to the soil

Question 33

Feedback regulation

Answer 33

A process that is regulated by its output/end product

Question 34

Feedback regulation

Answer 34

A process that is regulated by its output/end product

Question 35

Positive feedback and an example

Answer 35

End product speeds up its production Platelets in blood clotting

Question 36

Negative feedback and an example

Answer 36

Buildup of end product slows its production Insulin

Question 37

Evolution and what does it account for

Answer 37

The process of change that has transformed life accounts for diversity and organisms being suited for their environment

Question 38

There are ___ Domains of life they are:

Answer 38

1. Domain Bacteria 2. Domain Archaea 3. Domain Eukarya

Question 39

Domain Bacteria

Answer 39

Most divers and widespread prokaryote Consists of multiple kingdoms Rod shaped

Question 40

Domain Archaea

Answer 40

Prokaryotes. Multiple kingdoms. Round shaped

Question 41

Domain Eukarya

Answer 41

Kingdoms Animalia, Plantae and fungi

Question 42

Kingdom Animalia

Answer 42

Multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms

Question 43

Kingdom Plantae

Answer 43

Multicellular eukaryotes that conduct photosynthesis

Question 44

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 44

Absorb nutrients outside their body

Question 45

Darwin- Descent with modification What causes it What can it lead to

Answer 45

Species adapt overtime to different environments, and become increasingly different from their ancestors. Primarily caused by Natural selection Over long periods can lead to 2 descendent species

Question 46

Scientific Method

Answer 46

Observation + current knowledge Hypothesis Experimentation Observation and Data Analyses Repeat

Question 47

Deductive reasoning

Answer 47

Uses predictions to test a hypothesis Can be tested by experiment or observation

Question 48

Inductive reasoning

Answer 48

Using many observations to make a general conclusion

Question 49

Hypothesis

Answer 49

A testable explanation for a set of observations based on available data and inductive reasoning

Question 50

Theory

Answer 50

Broader than hypothesis Generally supported by more evidence

Question 51

Goal of science vs technology

Answer 51

Understand natural phenomena Apply scientific knowledge for specific purposes

Question 52

Protist are ___ic and usually ______cellular

Answer 52

Eukaryotic and unicellular

Question 53

Experimentation allows

Answer 53

Rejection of the hypothesis

Question 54

Experimentation allows

Answer 54

Rejection of the hypothesis

Question 55

Genome

Answer 55

The genetic material of an organism

Question 56

If every cell has the same genome, why do they not perform the same functions everywhere throughout the body?

Answer 56

Not all genes are tuned on in all cell types. Only when transcription and translation occur will a specific protein be created

Question 57

Transcriptomics

Answer 57

The study of all the RNAs that are present in a cell type

Question 58

Proteomics

Answer 58

The study of all the proteins that are present

Question 59

Metabolomics

Answer 59

Study of metabolites, the small molecules in cells and tissues. Understanding how the body breaks things down/how things come together.

Question 60

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Answer 60

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