CHAPTER 1

Question 1

industrial-organizational
(I-O) psychology

Answer 1

The application of psychological principles, theory,
and research to the
work setting.

Question 2

Society for Industrial and
Organizational Psychology
(SIOP)

Answer 2

An association to
which many I-O psychologists, both practitioners
and researchers, belong.
Designated as Division 14
of the American Psycho
logical Association (APA)

Question 3

personnel psychology

Answer 3

Field of psychology that
addresses issues such as
recruitment, selection,
training, performance
appraisal, promotion,
transfer, and termination

Question 4

human resources
management (HRM)

Answer 4

Practices such as recruitment,
selection, retention, training, and development of
people (human resources)
in order to achieve
individual and organizational goals

Question 5

organizational psychology

Answer 5

Field of psychology that
combines research from
social psychology and
organizational behavior
and addresses the emotional and motivational
side of work.

Question 6

human engineering or
human factors psychology

Answer 6

The study of the capacities
and limitations of humans
with respect to a particular
environment.

Question 7

scientist–practitioner
model

Answer 7

A model that
uses scientific tools and
research in the practice of
I-O psychology

Question 8

TIP (The Industrial
Organizational
Psychologist)

Answer 8

Quarterly newsletter
published by the Society
for Industrial and Organizational Psychology;
provides I-O psychologists
and those interested in
I-O psychology with the
latest relevant information
about the field.

Question 9

welfare-to-work program

Answer 9

Program that requires
individuals to work in
return for government
subsidies.

Question 10

telecommuting

Answer 10

Accomplishing work tasks from
a distant location using
electronic communication media.

Question 11

virtual team

Answer 11

Team that
has widely dispersed members working together
toward a common goal
and linked through
computers and other
technology

Question 12

Stanford–Binet test

Answer 12

A
well-known intelligence
test designed for testing
one individual at a time.
Originally developed by
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in 1905, the
Binet–Simon test was
updated starting in 1916
by Lewis Terman and
colleagues at Stanford
University, which led to
the test’s current name.

Question 13

scientific Management

Answer 13

A
movement based on
principles developed
by Frederick W. Taylor,
who suggested that there
was one best and most
efficient way to perform
various jobs.

Question 14

time and motion studies

Answer 14

Studies that broke every
action down into its
constituent parts, timed
those movements with
a stopwatch, and developed new and more
efficient movements that
would reduce fatigue and
increase productivity.

Question 15

revery obsession

Answer 15

Australian psychologist Elton
Mayo proposed that this
mental state resulted from
the mind-numbing, repetitive, and difficult work
that characterized U.S.
factories in the early 20th
century, causing factory
workers to be unhappy,
prone to resist management attempts to increase
productivity, and sympathetic to labor unions.

Question 16

Hawthorne studies

Answer 16

Research done at the
Hawthorne, Illinois, plant
of the Western Electric
Company that began as
attempts to increase productivity by manipulating
lighting, rest breaks, and
work hours. This research
showed the important role
that workers’ attitudes
played in productivity.

Question 17

Human Relations
Movement

Answer 17

The results
of the Hawthorne studies
ushered in this movement,
which focused on work
attitudes and the newly
discovered emotional
world of the worker.

Question 18

Title VII of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964

Answer 18

Federal legislation that
prohibits employment dis
crimination on the basis of
race, color, religion, sex,
or national origin, which
define what are known as
protected groups. Prohibits not only intentional
discrimination but also
practices that have the
unintentional effect of
discriminating against
individuals because of
their race, color, national
origin, religion, or sex

Question 19

American Psychological
Association (APA)

Answer 19

The
major professional
organization for psychologists of all kinds in the
United States.

Question 20

“West versus the Rest”
mentality

Answer 20

Tendency for
researchers to develop
theories relevant to U.S.
situations, with less concern given to their applicability in other countries.

Question 21

collectivist culture

Answer 21

A culture that values the group
more than the individual.

Question 22

expatriate

Answer 22

Manager or
professional assigned
to work in a location
outside of his or her
home country.

Question 23

individualist culture

Answer 23

A
culture that values the
individual more than
the group.

Question 24

horizontal culture

Answer 24

A
culture that minimizes
distances between
individuals.

Question 25

vertical culture

Answer 25

A culture that accepts and depends upon distances between individuals