Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (44)
Loading flashcards...
1
Anatomy
Study of body structure . Position of body structures
eg The heart is hollow
2
Physiology
Study of function
3
What are the Branches of anatomy -
Gross Anatomy-Study of large or gross structures, done through dissection and visible inspection
Microscopic Anatomy ( 2 parts)
Cytology –study of structure, function and cell development
Histology-study of tissues and organs
Developmental Anatomy-studies growth and development, e.g.- embryology
Comparative Anatomy-Comparison of human body to that of the animals
Systematic Anatomy-The study of structure and functions of various organs e.g. Dermatology (skin, hair and nails)
4
Metabolism
Functional activity of a cell that result in growth ,digestion, absorption and secretions resulting in the release of energy-2 processes
5
Anabolism:
building up of complex materials from simple material, e.g. food
6
Catabolism:
The breaking down and changing of complex materials into simpler ones with the release of energy and CO2
7
Homeostasis
Relative consistency of the body’s internal environment
Dynamic equilibrium -Body conditions must remain stable
Illness results if internal conditions change to any great degree
8
What happens if homeostasis fails?
Local disease – restricted to a specific part of the body
Systemic disease – affects several organ systems or the entire body
Acute diseases – occur suddenly and last a short time
Chronic diseases – develop slowly and are long term
9
Classify the organization of the body from the chemical level to the organism
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organ system
Organism
10
Atoms
Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight
Required for life: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S)
which all can combine to make water, glucose, proteins, and DNA
11
Cell
Basic structural and functional unit of life is the cell
12
Tissues and what are the four types
When cells act together to perform a specific function, the next level of organization is classified as a tissue
Four basic types of tissues in the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
13
Muscle tissue types, function and location
Skeletal Muscle - look cylindercal with striations and lots of nuclei . They move throughout the body wherever voluntary movement takes place. Functions: Movement of body parts
Cardiac- Short branching cells with striations and single nucleus. Partake in intercellular communication between cells. Location: Heart. Function: Heart contraction for blood circluation
Smooth muscle: Short taper cells no striations and single nucleus . Location: Walls of blood vessels and walls of hollow organs like stomach and uterus Function: Maintains blood vessel diameter. Controls food movement through digestive tract, urine in urinary system, egg and sperm in reproductive tract
14
Epithelial tissue type, function and location
Flat cells, cuboidal, columnar or transitional, can be arranged in a simple layer , stratified , or pseudostratified.
Locations: body surface and cavities. Makes up skin and lining of digestive tract
15
Connective tissue type, function and location
Most abundant and varied, consists of cells and intracellular matrix
Locations: Throughout body, bone, cartilage, blood and collagen .
Functions: Movement , storage of minerals, transport f oxygen and CO, energy source, protection and support
16
Nervous tissue type, function and location
Neurons and neuroglia
Location: Brain , spinal cord and nerves
Functions: Receives, integrates, responds to various internal and external stimuli
17
Organ and organ system
Structure formed by organization of two or more different tissue types that work together to carry out specific functions
Organ system - Organs join together to carry out vital functions
18
Interaugmentary System: Function and Consists of
Function- Sense organ, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, produces vitamin D precursors
Consists of: skin, hair, nails and sweat glands
19
Skeletal system: Function and Consists of
Function: provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, stores minerals and fat
Consists of: bones, cartilage, ligament, joints
20
Muscular System: Function and Consists of
Function: Produces body movements, maintains posture, produces body heat
Consists of muscles attached to skeleton
21
Lymphatic System: Function and Consists of
Function: Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, absorbs fat from digestive tract
Consists of: tonsils
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
22
Respiratory System: Function and Consists of
Function: Exchanges O2 and CO2 between blood, air and regulates blood pH
Consists of: nose
nasal cavity
trachea
lungs
bronchi
pharynx
larynx
23
Digestive System: Function and Consists of
Function: Performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, adsorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste
Consists of: Pharynx
mouth
salivary glands
esophagus
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
live
gallbladder
appendix
rectum
anus
24
Nervous System : Function and Consists of
Function: Major regulatory system that detects sensations, controls movements, intellectual functions
Consists of: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves and Sensory receptors
25
Endocrine System: Function and Consists of
Functions: Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction
Consists of: hypothalumus
pineal body
pituitary
parathyroids
thyroid
thymus
adrenals
pancreas
testes
ovaries
26
Cardiovascular System : Function and Consists of
Functions: Transports , nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body, body temp regulation, immune response
Consists of: Heart, blood, vessels, blood
27
Urinary System: Function and Consists of
Functions: Removes waste product from blood, regulates pH, ion balance, water balance
Consists of: kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
28
Female Reproductive System: Function and Consists of
Functions: Produces oocytes, fertilization site, fetal development , produces hormones
Consists of: Mammary glands, vagina , uterus
29
Male Reproductive System: Function and Consists of
Function: Produces and transfers sperm cells to female
Consists of: Testes, Ducts, Penis
30
