Chapter 1: Intro to HP

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

social, physical, and psychological well-being

Question 2

Health Psychology (2 things)

Answer 2

apply psychological principles/research to advance health and to the prevention/treatment of disease/illness

Question 3

What factors effect one’s overall health? Think BPS model

Answer 3

1) Social conditions (availability of health care and support of family and friends)
2) biological factors (hereditary predisposition to contract certain diseases)
3) SOMETIMES, personality traits (optimism)

Question 4

What are 5 social determinants of health? HEEES

Answer 4

Education, economic stability, neighborhood/environment, health and health care, and social/community context

Question 5

Prehistoric Period 10,000 BCE - 1,450 BCE

Answer 5

people thought disease was caused by spirits and demons; treated by trephination

Question 6

Hippocrates (Greece in 460 B.C.E)

Answer 6

“father of Western medicine.” (460-377 BCE). Suggested the humoral theory, which was a health concept that considered wellness a state of perfect equilibrium between 4 bodily fluids called humors

Question 7

Health Disparities (preventable experienced by the disadvantaged)

Answer 7

preventable differences in health, disease, violence, or injury to achieve health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. Healthy People 2010 and 2020 study social determinants of health

Question 8

Middle Ages (476-1450)

Answer 8

people thought that disease was living punishment for sins, cured by miraculous intervention and evoking of saints

Question 9

What countries first began experimenting with medicine?

Answer 9

China (1100-200), Greece, Egypt (2000 BCE), and Italy (Romans 200 BCE)

Question 10

Renaissance (1600’s CE) (surgery first used)

Answer 10

disease is purely physical (separate from the mind). Surgical techniques were first used during this time

Question 11

1800’s

Answer 11

Disease caused by microscopic organisms; treatment was surgery and immunization

Question 12

1920’s

Answer 12

Disease influenced by mind and emotions and treated by psychoanalysis, psychiatry, and other medical methods.

Question 13

21st Century

Answer 13

Biopsychosocial causes of disease. Modern, flexible methods of treatment

Question 14

Epidemic

Answer 14

“among the people.” Disease spreading rapidly among a community of people at the same time (Black Death)

Question 15

Pandemic

Answer 15

disease affecting people over a large geographical area (multiple continents or worldwide)

Question 16

Biopsychosocial Model (21st Century)

Answer 16

health is determined by social, biological, and psychological factors

Question 17

Biological Context

Answer 17

Genomics is introduced (study of genes). The evolutionary perspective was the idea that genes and behavior exist because they helped our ancestors survive. The Life-Course perspective examines important age-related aspects of health and illness.

Question 18

Psychological Context (cognition “thought” and more controllable)

Answer 18

Beliefs and attitudes, how stress is appraised, interpreted, and the coping process, and subjective well-being

Question 19

Biomedical Model of Medicine (purely physical cause of disease, being a pathogen)

Answer 19

20th century view that illness has a physical cause. It assumes that disease is a result of a pathogen entering the body. It makes no provision for psychological, social, or behavioral variables in illness. This model embraced reductionism, which stated that complex phenomena derive ultimately from a single, primary factor.

Question 20

Psychosomatic Medicine (20th century flip side of biomedical model)

Answer 20

branch of psychiatry focused on curing disease thought to be caused by emotional conflicts . Psycho (psyche) + somatic (relating to the body) = disease

Question 21

Etiology (cause)

Answer 21

scientific study of the causes of disease

Question 22

What was an issue with the biomedical model?

Answer 22

It was unable to explain disorders that had no observable physical cause, such as those uncovered by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Question 23

Social Context (society and sociocultural lens)

Answer 23

• Society influences health through gender, birth cohort, family, community, etc.
• Sociocultural perspective explicitly considers the role of culture in health and disease

Question 24

Ecological Systems Approach (hierarchy of nature composed of smaller ones)

Answer 24

viewpoint that nature is best understood as a hierarchy of systems in which each system is simultaneously composed of smaller subsystems

• Cardiovascular, immune, endocrine
• nervous, muscles, fibers

Question 25

Epigenetics (environment - genes)

Answer 25

the effects of environmental forces on how genes are expressed

Question 26

Sociocultural and Gender Perspectives

Answer 26

SC - examines how social and cultural factors influence health and wellness. G - focuses on the gender-specific health behaviors, problems, and barriers to health care (think of the race/sex study on catheterization)

Question 27

Positive Health (scientific study of health assets)

Answer 27

scientific study of health assets, which are factors that produce longer life, reduce illness, and increase overall well-being

Question 28

Health Literacy

Answer 28

ability to understand health info. and use it to make good decisions with regard to your health

Question 29

Massification

Answer 29

transformation of a product or service that was once only available to the wealthy such that it becomes accessible to everyone

Question 30

ecology

Answer 30

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings

Question 31

subjective wellbeing (psychological context)

Answer 31

the cognitive and emotional evaluations of a person’s life

Question 32

evolutionary perspective (biological context)

Answer 32

our characteristics and human traits and behaviors exist as they do because they helped our distant ancestors survive long enough to reproduce and send their genes into the future

Question 33

life course perspective (biological context)

Answer 33

focuses on important age-related aspects of health and illness. For example, it would consider how a pregnant woman’s malnutrition, smoking, or use of psychoactive drugs would affect her child’s life long development

Question 34

birth cohort (social context)

Answer 34

a group of people who, because they were born at about the same time, experience similar historical and social conditions

Question 35

immigrant paradox

Answer 35

the finding that, although low socioeconomic status usually predicts poor health, this is not true for some ethnic groups, such as hispanics, in the US.

Question 36

massification (transform a product or service)

Answer 36

the transformation of a product or service that was once only available to the wealthy such that is becomes accessible to everyone. applied to education and health, it is the idea that college can benefit everyone