Chapter 1 - Introduction to Research and EBMgt

Question 1

Always listen to your intuition.

True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Two things to develop expert skill and intuition, you need

Answer 2

1. A sufficiently regular, predictable environment
2. Opportunities to learn regularities through prolonged
   practice and feedback

Question 3

Is intuition the most important

Answer 3

No, it is an important consideration, not the final
word

Question 4

What to look for and avoid in expert intuition

Answer 4

• overconfidence
• non-expert gut feelings

Question 5

What is EBMgt

Answer 5

Evidence-Based Management

Question 6

What are the elements of EBMgt decisions

Answer 6

• ethics and stakeholder concerns
• practitioner judgment and expertise
• Evidence from the Local Context
• Evidence from Formal Research

Question 7

When did search terms for evidence based management spike

Answer 7

2006

Question 8

Two approached to EBMgt

Answer 8

Push (Disseminating Research)
Pull (Process Based Approach)

Question 9

What are the parts of the Pull (Process Based Approach)

Answer 9

1. Ask: Translate a practical issue or problem into an answerable question
2. Acquire: Search systematically and retrieve evidence
3. Appraise: Judge the relevance and trustworthiness of the evidence; think critically
4. Aggregate: Synthesize the body of evidence
5. Apply: Incorporate the evidence into the decision-making process
6. Assess: Evaluate the outcome of the decision taken

Question 10

What is Formal research?

Answer 10

Systematic gathering, analysis, and interpretation of information to gain insight into a phenomenon of interest

Question 11

What is Business research?

Answer 11

a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem encountered in the work setting

Question 12

WHAT SOURCES OF EVIDENCE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED?

Answer 12

• Scientific evidence: Published research findings
• Organizational evidence: Data from the organization
• Experiential evidence: Professional practitioner judgment
• Stakeholder evidence: Values and concerns of affected parties

Question 13

being knowledgeable about research and research methods
helps professional managers to:

Answer 13

1. Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work setting.
2. Know how to discriminate good from bad research.
3. Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple influences and multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation.
4. Take calculated risks in decision-making, knowing fully well the probabilities associated with the different possible outcomes.
5. Prevent possible vested interests from exercising their influence in a situation.
6. Relate to hired researchers and consultants more effectively.
7. Combine experience with evidence while making decisions.

Question 14

while hiring researchers or consultants the manager
should make sure that:

Answer 14

1. The roles and expectations of both parties are made explicit.
2. Relevant philosophies and value systems of the organization are clearly stated and constraints, if any, are communicated.
3. A good rapport is established with the researchers, and between the researchers and the employees in the organization, enabling the full cooperation of the latter.

Question 15

four advantages in engaging an internal team to do the research project:

Answer 15

• It gains quicker acceptance from employees.
• It understands the organization’s structure and philosophy faster.
• It can implement and refine recommendations effectively.
• It is cost-effective, especially for low-complexity problems.

Question 16

four disadvantages in engaging an internal team to do
the research project:

Answer 16

• They may have a limited perspective due to their long tenure, hindering fresh ideas for complex issues.
• Powerful groups in the organization may influence them to manipulate facts for vested interests.
• Despite qualifications, they may not be seen as ‘experts,’ diminishing the impact of their recommendations.
• Organizational biases may affect objectivity, making findings less persuasive.

Question 17

The advantages of the external team are as follows:

Answer 17

• They bring diverse problem-solving experiences, allowing for both creative and critical thinking.
• External teams, especially from reputable firms, stay updated with the latest problem-solving models through regular training, which internal teams may lack.

Question 18

The major disadvantages in hiring an external research team are as
follows:

Answer 18

• High cost is a major deterrent unless issues are critical.
• External teams take time to understand the organization, often facing resistance from employees.
• Extra fees are charged for implementation and evaluation assistance.

Question 19

Describe and define business research

Answer 19

Research in business is a systematic process that gathers and analyzes data to solve problems, providing essential information for informed decision-making by managers. Both theory and information are integral to this process.

Question 20

Explain why managers should know
about research and discuss what managers should and
should not do in order to interact effectively with
researchers.

Answer 20

Managers benefit from research knowledge for better understanding, prediction, and control. When hiring external researchers, clear roles, values, constraints, and rapport are crucial.

Question 21

Discuss what research means to you
and describe how you, as a manager, might apply the
knowledge gained about research.

Answer 21

Managers make final decisions on research recommendations. Objectivity, understanding, and research knowledge improve decision-making.

Question 21

Demonstrate awareness of the role
of ethics in business research.

Answer 21

Business research ethics involve following a code of conduct and societal norms in research. This applies to organizations, researchers, and respondents, impacting every research step.

Question 22

For what specific purposes is basic research important?

Answer 22

Basic research is essential; it underpins scientific and technological progress, sparks innovation, and advances human understanding across various fields.

Question 23

When is applied research, as distinct from basic research,
useful?

Answer 23

Applied research is vital for practical solutions, innovation, and evidence-based decisions across domains. It links theoretical knowledge from basic research to real-world problems.

Question 24

Why is it important to be adept in handling the manager–
researcher relationship?

Answer 24

A strong manager-researcher relationship is vital for effective project management, resource allocation, and decision-making. It enhances collaboration, communication, and leads to better research outcomes and organizational goals.

Question 25

Explain, giving reasons, which is more important, applied or
basic research.

Answer 25

Both basic and applied research are vital, with their importance varying based on context and goals. A comprehensive research ecosystem values and supports both for knowledge advancement and societal betterment.

Question 26

Research

Answer 26

An organized, systematic, critical, scientific inquiry or
investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the
objective of finding answers or solutions thereto.

Question 27

applied research

Answer 27

Research conducted in a particular setting with the specific
objective of solving an existing problem in the situation.

Question 28

basic research?

Answer 28

Research conducted to generate knowledge and understanding of
phenomena (in the work setting) that adds to the existing body of
knowledge (about organizations and management theory).

Question 29

internal consultant

Answer 29

Research experts within the organization who investigate and
find solutions to problems.

Question 30

Ethics

Answer 30

Code of conduct or expected societal norms of behavior.