Chapter 1 introduction to the nervous system quiz 1

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

– brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) –

Answer 2

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, receptors

Question 3

The branch of medical science that deals with the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system is called ______

Answer 3

neurology

Question 4

The nervous system uses electrical signals (nerve impulses or action potentials) versus the endocrine system which uses chemical signals (hormones)
The cells that conduct these impulses are called _____ or nerve cells

Answer 4

neurons

Question 5

sensory is always ____ the central nervous system

Answer 5

towards

Question 6

____ - sensory receptors sense stimuli or changes inside and outside the body

Answer 6

Sensory Function

Question 7

_______ (nerve cells) conduct impulses away from a sensory structure such as the eyes toward the central nervous system (input) (PNS)

Answer 7

sensory neurons

Question 8

_____ - analyzes the sensory information and determines an appropriate response

Answer 8

Integrative Function

Question 9

______- respond to sensory information (after integration) by initiating glandular secretions or muscle contractions

Answer 9

Motor Function

Question 10

motor neurons carry impulses _____ from the central nervous system to muscles or glands (output) (PNS)

Answer 10

away

Question 11

_____ means means nerve glue

Answer 11

neuroglia

Question 12

_________Support and protect neurons, help to maintain proper chemical environment for nervous impulses

Answer 12

astrocytes (astro = star)

Question 13

_______-Phagocytes, can engulf microbes or injured nerve tissue

Answer 13

microglia

Question 14

_____ and _____
Lay down myelin around axons which act as a layer of insulation to speed up the conduction of the nerve impulse

Answer 14

oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 15

Gaps in the myelin are called the ______

Answer 15

nodes of Ranvier

Question 16

______
Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is found in brain ventricles, central canal of the spinal cord and the subarachnoid space within the meninges

Answer 16

ependymal cells

Question 17

Slide 11 figure 15.3 p408 quiz image no neurofibers no nissl bodies

Question 18

______ are the functional cell of nervous tissue

Answer 18

Neurons

Question 19

Both are able to produce _______ or electrical impulses in response to stimuli

Answer 19

action potentials

Question 20

Neurons consist of what 3 things?

Answer 20

cell body, dendrites, axon

Question 21

dendrites - short, branching, processes extending from the cell body which function to _____ impulses and conduct these impulses to the cell body

Answer 21

receive

Question 22

axon - long cylindrical process extending from the cell body that _______ ___ ____ from the cell body to another neuron, muscle fibre or gland cell

Answer 22

conduct impulses away

Question 23

axon (continued) - axon side branches are called ______ and axons and collaterals end by dividing into many axon terminals

Answer 23

axon collaterals

Question 24

At the ends of the axon terminals are ______ possessing _____ which store neurotransmitters

Answer 24

synaptic end-bulbs, synaptic vesicles

Question 25

______ are chemical substances released from axons that will affect the cell they communicate with (neuron, muscle cell or gland)

Answer 25

Neurotransmitters

Question 26

The “contact” between two neurons or between the neuron and the effector (muscle or gland) is called a _____

Answer 26

synapse

Question 27

_____ synapse with a muscle cell

Answer 27

neuromuscular junction:

Question 28

______ synapse with gland cell

Answer 28

neuroglandular junction:

Question 29

the cytoplasm of an axon is called the _____ and the the plasma membrane of the axon is called the ______

Answer 29

axoplasm, axolemma

Question 30

_____ refers to an axon or a dendrite

Answer 30

Nerve fiber

Question 31

a ____ is comprised of a bundle of myelinated axons in the ______ covered with connective tissue

Answer 31

nerve, peripheral nervous system

Question 32

____ are bundles of myelinated axons in the ______ which lack a protective connective tissue covering

Answer 32

tracts, central nervous system

Question 33

______many dendrites, one axon

Answer 33

multipolar

Question 34

_____one dendrite and one axon

Answer 34

bipolar

Question 35

____one process emerging from the cell body

Answer 35

unipolar:

Question 36

Neurons communicate with other neurons via electrical signals called _______ or nerve impulses

Answer 36

action potentials

Question 37

The _______is the voltage difference between the inside and outside of an excitable cell (neuron or muscle fiber) when the cell is not stimulated, for a neuron the value is –70 mV

Answer 37

resting membrane potential

Question 38

The cytoplasm just inside the cell membrane is _____ charged

Answer 38

negatively

Question 39

The extracellular fluid just outside the cell membrane _____ charged

Answer 39

positively

Question 40

______ : Inside of plasma membrane becomes less negative due to influx of Na+. If change reaches threshold, lots more Na+ rushes into the cell and depolarization occurs

Answer 40

Depolarization

Question 41

_____ return towards resting membrane potential. Na+ stops moving into the cell, K+ moves out, inside becomes more negative.

Answer 41

Repolarization:

Question 42

_____: Spread from one location to another. Action potential does not move along the membrane: new action potential at each successive location. Like falling dominos.

Answer 42

Propagation

Question 43

When the cell is sufficiently stimulated (by various means such as neurotransmitters or touch) and _____ is reached (-55 mV), an action potential is generated

Answer 43

threshold

Question 44

oligoden means what?

Answer 44

cube

Question 45

resting, threashold, depolarizing membrane charge

Answer 45

-70, -55, 30

Question 46

saltatory conduction

Answer 46

jumping nerve impulses

Question 47

_______ are chemicals that bind receptors on other neurons (dendrites) or on effectors such as muscles (skeletal, cardiac and smooth) or glands

Answer 47

Neurotransmitters

Question 48

When a neuron communicates with another neuron via neurotransmitters, it is referred to as a ______

Answer 48

chemical synapse

Question 49

Some neurons within the central nervous system communicate directly via ______ where the axons connect directly to dendrites via gap junctions

Answer 49

electrical synapses

Question 50

_______ is the conscious or unconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli

Answer 50

Sensation

Question 51

________Found on or near the body surface where they detect stimuli from the external environment; eg. visual, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature and pain

Answer 51

Exteroceptors

Question 52

_______Corpuscles of touch or Meissner corpuscles located in the dermal papillae of skin

Answer 52

Touch Receptors

Question 53

________ are dendrites surrounding hair follicle

Answer 53

Hair root plexuses

Question 54

_______ is a long lasting sensation felt over a larger area than touch

Answer 54

Pressure

Question 55

________ (aka lamellated corpuscles) found in subcutaneous tissues and other parts of the body

Answer 55

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 56

______ both Meissner corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles function in detecting vibration; results from fast, repetitive signals from Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 56

Vibration

Question 57

_______ we have both warm and cold receptors

Answer 57

Thermal sensations

Question 58

______are usually free nerve endings

Answer 58

Nociceptors

Question 59

_______are located within the body and include baroreceptors which detect stretch in smooth muscle and chemoreceptors which detect chemical changes in body fluids

Answer 59

Interoceptors

Question 60

_______ located in muscles, tendons and joints as well as inner ear

Answer 60

Proprioceptors

Question 61

_______detect stretch of a muscle

Answer 61

Muscle Spindles:

Question 62

________ gives information to CNS regarding the force of contraction or tension in the muscle it is associated with

Answer 62

Golgi Tendon Organs

Question 63

_______acceleration/deceleration of joint, pain

Answer 63

Joint Kinesthetic Receptors:

Question 64

______stretching, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, hearing, equilibrium, blood pressure

Answer 64

mechanoreceptors -

Question 65

_____ temperature receptors

Answer 65

thermoreceptors -

Question 66

______ physical or chemical damage to tissue receptors

Answer 66

nociceptors

Question 67

light receptors (retina of eye)

Answer 67

photoreceptors

Question 68

_______detect chemicals in mouth, nose, body fluids such as blood

Answer 68

chemoreceptors

Question 69

Efferent neurons are subdivided into 2 divisions

Answer 69

somatic motor division, autonomic division

Question 70

Afferent neurons are subdivided into 3 divisions

Answer 70

i) somatic sensory division ii) autonomic sensory division iii) enteric sensory division

Question 71

_______ concentration of myelinated axons; the myelin imparts a white color

Answer 71

White Matter -

Question 72

____clusters of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, unmyelinated axons and/or neuroglia; greyish color due to lack of myelin and presence of Nissl Bodies (ribosomes)

Answer 72

Grey Matter -

Question 73

_____ inner grey matter shaped like a butterfly & outer white matter

Answer 73

Spinal Cord

Question 74

______opposite orientation; thin outer layer of grey matter & inner white region with nuclei of grey matter found in concentrations

Answer 74

Brain

Question 75

____ are masses of cell bodies and dendrites deep within the brain

Answer 75

nuclei