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AP 200 > The heart chapter 5 > Flashcards

The heart chapter 5 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

the heart is located between the lungs within the ________

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

the _____ is the inferior end formed by left ventricle

A

apex

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3
Q

the _____ is the superior/posterior portion formed by the atria

A

base

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4
Q

each atrium possess a wrinkled pouch-like extension called the _____

A

auricle

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5
Q

____ or grooves on the surface of the heart

A

sulci

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6
Q

______ is at the junction of the atria and ventricles encircling the heart

A

coronary sulcus

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7
Q

_________is a shallow groove between left and right ventricles on the anterior surface

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

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8
Q

is a shallow groove between left and right ventricles on the posterior surface

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

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9
Q

_______ exits the anterior, superior portion of the right ventricle

A

pulmonary trunk

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10
Q

the pulmonary trunk carries _______out of the heart to the lungs

A

deoxygenated blood

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11
Q

_______ enter the left atrium superiorly and posteriorly

A

pulmonary veins

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12
Q

pulmonary veins carry ______ blood returning from the lungs

A

oxygenated

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13
Q

______ exits the left ventricle as the ascending aorta

A

aorta

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14
Q

______ enters the right atrium superiorly carrying deoxygenated blood from parts of the body superior to the heart

A

superior vena cava

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15
Q

______ also enters the right atrium inferiorly carry deoxygenated blood from parts of the body inferior to the heart

A

inferior vena cava

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16
Q

______ outer most layer, dense connective tissue which anchors heart in mediastinum

A

fibrous pericardium

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17
Q

____ outer serous membrane underlying the fibrous pericardium to which it is fused

A

parietal pericardium

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18
Q

_______ inner serous membrane

A

visceral pericardium

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19
Q

________ located between the parietal and visceral layers, it is a thin space containing pericardial fluid which functions to reduce friction

A

pericardial cavity

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20
Q

______ - outer layer; a.k.a. visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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21
Q

_____middle layer, cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

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22
Q

endocardium - inner layer of _______(simple squamous epithelium) over thin connective tissue

A

endothelium

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23
Q

_______ in the heart function to prevent back flow of blood

A

valves

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24
Q

_________
located between the atria and ventricles

A

two atrioventricular (AV) valves

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25
right AV valve or ______
tricuspid
26
left AV valve or _____
bicuspid or mitral valve
27
chordae tendinae - tendon-like cords that connect AV valves to _______
papillary muscles
28
______ located between the heart and vessels
two semilunar valves
29
__________ located between the pulmonary trunk and the right
pulmonary semilunar valve
30
________ located between the aorta and the left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
31
interatrial septum location of the_______
fossa ovalis
32
interatrial septum remnant of the ______
foramen ovale
33
______receives blood from the 4 pulmonary veins
left atrium
34
________receives blood from the right atrium
right ventricle
35
_________divides the left and right ventricles
interventricular septum
36
_______receives blood from the left atrium
left ventricle
37
_______connective tissue cord that connects the pulmonary
ligamentum arteriosum
38
ligamentum arteriosum it is a remnant of the _______-, a blood vessel of the fetus, which allowed blood to bypass the lungs
ductus arteriosus
39
there are connections between the branches of the left and right coronary arteries, called ________, which provide alternate routes for the blood to reach the various regions of the heart muscle
anastomoses
40
deoxygenated blood from the heart collects in the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein, they then drain into the _______ which empties into the right atrium
coronary sinus
41
_________from the right half of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation of blood and back to the left half of the heart
pulmonary circulation
42
_______ from the left half of the heart to the capillary beds of the body to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide and back to the right half of the heart
systemic circulation
43
_____ carry blood AWAY from the heart
arteries
44
_____carry blood TOWARD the heart
veins
45
_____ are small arteries
arterioles
46
______ are small veins
venules
47
At rest about____________ simultaneously by each half of the heart; this can dramatically increase when the need arises
5 L of blood is pumped per minute
48
contains gap junctions along with desmosomes = _________between cells, allows
intercalated discs
49
cardiac muscle cells are ________ and contract involuntarily
autorhythmic
50
thus the heart continuously and rhythmically contracts and relaxes about _______
70 times per minute
51
Autorhythmic Cells the specialized autorhythmic cells act as the _______ and form the rest of the conduction system (for coordinated and effective contraction)
pacemaker
52
_______ located in right atrium near superior vena cava and the coronary sinus
sinoatrial node (SA node) 
53
__________transmits impulse to AV node maintains rhythm of 90 - 100 bpm (beats per minute) note that this is higher than the normal resting heart rate of 70 bpm
primary pacemaker
54
atrioventricular node (AV node) located in interatrial septum ________
secondary pacemaker
55
the______ refers to all the events that are associated with one heartbeat
cardiac cycle
56
_______= contraction phase of the heart beat
systole
57
_______ = relaxation phase of the heart beat
diastole
58
act of listening to sounds within the body is called _____
auscultation
59
_______is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute
cardiac output
60
______initiates contraction and will set a steady heart rate, but there are other factors which contribute to the regulation of heart rate
SA node
61
autonomic control of heart rate * the _______ is located in the medulla oblongata
cardiovascular control center
62
cardiac accelerator nerves arise from the ______ of the medulla oblongata
cardiovascular center
63
________ arises from the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata_
Vagus (X) nerve
64
_______is a situation in which cardiac muscle tissue is damaged because of inadequate blood flow to the heart
coronary artery disease
65
______ narrowing of arteries due to fatty plaque buildup
atherosclerosis,
66
______refers to an abnormality or irregularity in heart rhythm
arrhythmia
67
_______ asynchronous atrial contractions so that they quiver instead of pump
atrial fibrillation
68
________ is asynchronous ventricular contractions so that they quiver instead of pump
ventricular fibrillation
69
________ is a site other than the SA node that becomes the pacemaker because of abnormal self-excitability
ectopic pacemaker
70
Quiz image slide 41
71
orthostatic hypotension bonus question

AP 200 (12 decks)

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