Chapter 2 special senses part 1

Question 1

Gusto-

Answer 1

taste

Question 2

Ophthalm

Answer 2

• eye

Question 3

Oto-

Answer 3

ear

Question 4

Presby-

Answer 4

old

Question 5

Rhino-

Answer 5

nose

Question 6

Sclera

Answer 6

hard

Question 7

Tympan-

Answer 7

drum

Question 8

Vitr-

Answer 8

glassy

Question 9

_____ or cilia project from the dendrites (free nerve endings) of sensory neurons into the mucus layer covering the nasal epithelium

Answer 9

Olfactory hairs

Question 10

Chemicals that have an odor are called _____

Answer 10

odorants

Question 11

olfactory area of cerebrum in the temporal lobe also travel to the ______ (emotional brain) which links smells with memories

Answer 11

limbic system

Question 12

_______ Impaired sense of smell, due to aging, smoking, head injuries, brain tumors, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson Disease, medications, COVID

Answer 12

Hyposmia

Question 13

While smell can help us identify thousands of different substances, taste provides us with only ________

Answer 13

5 distinct sensations

Question 14

The receptors for taste are called _________ and are located in taste buds

Answer 14

gustatory receptor cells

Question 15

Taste buds are found on the soft palate, pharynx and especially elevations of the tongue called ______

Answer 15

papillae

Question 16

50 or so gustatory receptor cells per taste bud each possess a long microvillus or ______which projects to the surface of the bud through a taste pore

Answer 16

gustatory hair

Question 17

______Shade the eye during sleep

Answer 17

Eyelids

Question 18

________Protect the eyes from sweat, foreign objects, direct rays of the sun

Answer 18

Eyebrows and Eyelashes

Question 19

_______Produces and drains lacrimal fluid or tears

Answer 19

Lacrimal Apparatus

Question 20

________Skeletal muscles that move the eye itself for tracking

Answer 20

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Question 21

_______delicate membrane covering the sclera eyeball and the inside of the eyelid, can swell with allergies

Answer 21

Conjunctiva -

Question 22

_____ curved, transparent layer of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium used for focusing light (not adjustable)

Answer 22

Cornea -

Question 23

_____ located between the cornea and the lens, filled with fluid aqueous humor that nourishes the lens

Answer 23

Aqueous Chamber -

Question 24

_______is located between the lens and the retina and is filled with jellylike vitreous body (aka vitreous homour) which keeps the retina attached to the underlying layers

Answer 24

Vitreous Chamber –

Question 25

______ transparent, crystalline structure made of protein which focuses light on the retina

Answer 25

Lens -

Question 26

_______ change the shape of the lens near and far vision (accommodation)

Answer 26

suspensory ligaments

Question 27

_____ regulates the diameter of the pupil (autonomic control); contains circular (constriction) and radial (dilation) muscles

Answer 27

Iris -

Question 28

where light enters the eyeball

Answer 28

Pupil -

Question 29

______ this tough, connective tissue layer of the eyeball is the “white” of the eye which gives shape to the eyball by completely surrounding the eye (except for the cornea)

Answer 29

Sclera –

Question 30

______contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) which are stimulated by light

Answer 30

Retina -

Question 31

______ smooth muscle to adjust the curvature of the lens and adjust the diameter of the pupil (radial and circular muscles of the iris)

Answer 31

Intrinsic Eye Muscles -

Question 32

_______site where the optic nerve exits the eyeball

Answer 32

Optic Disc or Blind Spot -

Question 33

______ approximately 120 million; located more on the periphery of the retina for black and white vision in dim light

Answer 33

Rods -

Question 34

______ approximately 6 million for color vision

Answer 34

Cones -

Question 35

_______is the bending of light rays by the cornea (75%) and the lens to focus on the retina

Answer 35

Refraction

Question 36

________ is the increased curvature of lens for near vision The lens is flexible and convex on both sides, as curvature increases, focusing power increases

Answer 36

Accommodation

Question 37

_________ is the minimum distance you can focus on an object which is approximately 10 cm as a young adult and increases with age presbyopia

Answer 37

Near point accommodation

Question 38

image is actually ______ and _____ and the cerebral cortex has to sort this out

Answer 38

upside down, reversed

Question 39

______ near point increases with age because the lens loses its elasticity and therefore its ability to accommodate

Answer 39

presbyopia -

Question 40

_______near-sightedness

Answer 40

myopia -

Question 41

_______far-sightedness

Answer 41

hyperopia -

Question 42

_______ irregularities in the surface of the cornea

Answer 42

astigmatism -

Question 43

_______ wandering eye; eyes to not track together

Answer 43

Strabismus -

Question 44

_______rapid, involuntary eye movements

Answer 44

Nystagmus -

Question 45

_______ a common cause of blindness due to loss of transparency of the lens (cloudy)

Answer 45

Cataracts -

Question 46

_______ abnormally high intraocular pressure due to buildup of aqueous humor in the eyeball

Answer 46

Glaucoma –

Question 47

______age-related degeneration of the retina where the most concentration of cones for visual acuity are located

Answer 47

Macular Degeneration -

Question 48

______ loss of functional rods for detecting dim light or vitamin A deficiency

Answer 48

Night Blindness -

Question 49

______- genetic defect resulting in absence of red or green cones is the most common

Answer 49

Color Blindness

Question 50

_______directs sound waves into canal

Answer 50

auricle (pinna)

Question 51

________ (meatus) contains ceruminous glands that secrete ear wax

Answer 51

external auditory canal

Question 52

External Ear:

Answer 52

auricle, external auditory canal, eardrum

Question 53

Middle ear 3 parts

Answer 53

auditory ossicles, oval window, Auditory or Eustachian tube

Question 54

Internal Ear: contains the ______ which consists of the vestibule, semicircular canals and cochlea

Answer 54

bony labyrinth

Question 55

3 structures of inner ear

Answer 55

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

Question 56

stapes flexes the _______ in the fluid-filled cochlea

Answer 56

oval window

Question 57

this sends a wave of pressure through the fluid – outer _____ and inner ______

Answer 57

perilymph, endolymph

Question 58

Receptor structures involved in equilibrium are collectively called the_______, comprised of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals

Answer 58

vestibular apparatus

Question 59

________Maintenance of the position of the body/head relative to the force of gravity and linear acceleration / deceleration (as in an elevator)

Answer 59

Static Equlibrium

Question 60

______Maintenance of the position of the body/head in response to sudden movements such as rotational acceleration / deceleration

Answer 60

Dynamic Equlibrium

Question 61

_______Acute infection of the middle ear caused by either viral or bacterial infection

Answer 61

Otitis Media -

Question 62

______Total hearing loss either caused by damage to hair cells, damage to cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, or abnormal structures for conducting the sound (ossicles)

Answer 62

Deafness -

Question 63

_______ Increased fluid in labyrinth of inner ear

Answer 63

Mèniére’s Disease