chapter 6 hemodynamic part 2

Question 1

There is an inverse relationship between total cross-sectional area of the blood vessel and the _______ (as cross-sectional area increases, blood velocity decreases)

Answer 1

velocity of blood flow

Question 2

Volume of blood flow is dependent upon 2 things

Answer 2

blood pressure, resistance

Question 3

BP in males vs females

Answer 3

120/80- 110/70

Question 4

______ is opposition to blood flow as a result of friction between blood and the walls of the vessels

Answer 4

Resistance

Question 5

hematocrit =

Answer 5

number of red blood cells divided by volume of blood

Question 6

BP entering capillaries

Answer 6

35mmhg

Question 7

Bp exiting capillaries

Answer 7

16mmhg

Question 8

Bp entering right atrium

Answer 8

0mmhg

Question 9

Resistance is directly proportional to ______

Answer 9

viscosity

Question 10

_______ is directly proportional to vessel length

Answer 10

Resistance

Question 11

______ also depends on:
blood vessel radius

Answer 11

Friction

Question 12

Resistance is inversely proportional to the _____of the blood vessel

Answer 12

radius

Question 13

_________ : refers to all the vascular resistance offered by systemic blood vessels (aka total peripheral resistance)

Answer 13

Systemic Vascular Resistance

Question 14

_______ – increases resistance and therefore increases blood pressure

Answer 14

Vasoconstriction

Question 15

________ – decreases resistance and therefore decreases blood pressure

Answer 15

Vasodilation

Question 16

_______ – increased viscosity increases friction

Answer 16

Blood viscosity

Question 17

_______– increased blood vessel length increases friction

Answer 17

Blood vessel length

Question 18

________– increased blood vessel radius decreases friction

Answer 18

Blood vessel radius

Question 19

_________is the volume of blood flowing back to the heart from the systemic circulation

Answer 19

Venous Return

Question 20

Venous Return is the volume of blood flowing back to the heart from the systemic circulation
This volume depends on the ________

Answer 20

pressure gradient

Question 21

__________ involves valves in the veins of the legs as well as alternating compression and decompression of the veins

Answer 21

skeletal muscle pump

Question 22

_________ also involves alternating compression and decompression of veins as well as valves but associated with veins in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Answer 22

respiratory pump

Question 23

the__________ is a group of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulates: heart rate, heart contractility, blood vessel diameter

Answer 23

cardiovascular control center

Question 24

Sympathetic impulses to smooth muscles of vessel walls by vasomotor nerves, causes vasoconstriction or vasodilation of muscular arteries, arterioles, metarterioles and precapillary sphincters throughout the body ______________

Answer 24

especially those of skin and abdominal organs

Question 25

_________ is a moderate level of tonic contraction of smooth muscle in the arterioles throughout the body setting a resting level of systemic vascular resistance

Answer 25

Vasomotor tone

Question 26

Sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in walls of _____ enhances venous return and increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and narrowing of their diameters

Answer 26

veins

Question 27

Parasympathetic impulses to heart via _______ decreases heart rate

Answer 27

vagus nerve

Question 28

_______ monitor stretching of walls of blood vessels and atria (blood pressure), found in walls of blood vessels (arteries and veins) and in the right atrium

Answer 28

Baroreceptors

Question 29

baroreceptors operate via a __________

Answer 29

negative feedback system

Question 30

aortic reflex maintains _____________

Answer 30

general systemic blood pressure

Question 31

aortic reflex baroreceptors in the __________

Answer 31

arch of the aorta

Question 32

carotid sinus reflex maintains ___________

Answer 32

blood pressure of the brain

Question 33

baroreceptors in the carotid sinus located in the __________

Answer 33

internal carotid arteries

Question 34

Chemoreceptors Monitor blood pH (hydrogen ions), carbon dioxide and oxygen levels and are located near baroreceptors of carotid sinus and aortic arch ___________

Answer 34

(carotid bodies and aortic bodies)

Question 35

__________ via cardiac accelerator nerves increases heart rate and contractility results in increased cardiac output and blood pressure

Answer 35

Cardiostimulatory Center:

Question 36

____________ via vagus nerves decreases heart rate results in decreased cardiac output and blood pressure

Answer 36

Cardioinihibitory Center:

Question 37

epinephrine and norepinephrine produced by adrenal medulla effects:____________

Answer 37

increase blood pressure

Question 38

________________ produced by hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary

Answer 38

antidiuretic hormone (aka vasopressin)

Question 39

antidiuretic hormone effect _________

Answer 39

increase blood pressure

Question 40

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system overall _____________

Answer 40

increases blood pressure

Question 41

______ is released by the kidneys when blood volume drops or blood flow to kidneys drops

Answer 41

renin

Question 42

_________raises blood pressure by: raising systemic vascular resistance (it’s a potent vasoconstrictor)

Answer 42

angiotensin II

Question 43

________ is a hormone which increases reabsorption of sodium and water

Answer 43

aldosterone

Question 44

________released by cells in the atria

Answer 44

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 45

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) __________

Answer 45

lowers blood pressure

Question 46

_______ is a local, automatic adjustment of blood flow in a specific region which is important for active tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle

Answer 46

Autoregulation

Question 47

prolonged cold to skin and joints causes vasoconstriction prolonged heat causes ______

Answer 47

vasodilation

Question 48

_______ aka vasoactive factors these are chemical substances released from cells that alter blood vessel diameter

Answer 48

chemical mediators

Question 49

vasodilators produce a local vasodilation of arterioles and relaxation of precapillary sphincters (aka ________)

Answer 49

vasomotion

Question 50

________aka vasoactive factors

Answer 50

chemical mediators

Question 51

things you can do to reduce your BP

Answer 51

Losing weight, massage, DDB, petting cat, sitting still, medication