chapter 6 hemodynamics part 1

Question 1

________ carry blood away from heart to body tissues

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

______are small arteries

Answer 2

arterioles

Question 3

______ are microscopic vessels within tissue

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

_____ are the same as veins, just smaller

Answer 4

venules

Question 5

_____ return blood from tissues to heart

Answer 5

veins

Question 6

______ are vessels which supply 02 and nutrients to larger arteries and veins

Answer 6

vaso vasorum

Question 7

______ - vascular smooth muscle cells contract and decrease the size of the lumen of a vessel

Answer 7

vasoconstriction

Question 8

______smooth cells relax and the size of lumen increases

Answer 8

vasodilation -

Question 9

_____, the hollow center where blood flows

Answer 9

lumen

Question 10

_______inner layer simple endothelium surrounded by a basement membrane, surrounded by an internal elastic lamina

Answer 10

tunica interna (aka. tunica intima) –

Question 11

______ middle layer of elastic and smooth muscle fibers

Answer 11

tunica media –

Question 12

_______outermost layer consists of elastic and collagen fibers

Answer 12

tunica externa (aka. tunica adventitia) –

Question 13

• large arteries such as aorta, carotid arteries, common iliac artery

Answer 13

Elastic (Conducting)

Question 14

serve as a ______ this results in a smooth flow of blood to smaller diameter vessels which could rupture if high pressure spurts of blood hit them

Answer 14

pressure reservoir

Question 15

_______- medium-sized, thick-walled arteries, distribute blood from large arteries to body parts

Answer 15

Muscular (Distributing)

Question 16

_____occurs when branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region are joined

Answer 16

Anastomosis

Question 17

an alternate route supplied by anastomosis is called _______

Answer 17

collateral circulation

Question 18

_______very small arteries that transfer blood to capillaries

Answer 18

Arteriole -

Question 19

function in regulating blood flow from arteries to capillaries which has a significant affect on _______

Answer 19

blood pressure

Question 20

______ leads from the arteriole to the capillary bed, smooth muscles within the walls of the metarteriole contract and relax to regulate blood flow

Answer 20

Metarteriole -

Question 21

the metarteriole that continues to pass right through the capillary bed is referred to as a _________

Answer 21

thoroughfare channel

Question 22

_________ are found where the capillaries branch off the metarteriole

Answer 22

precapillary sphincters

Question 23

_________microscopic vessels, walls consist of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) with a basement membrane, ie. no tunica media or tunica externa

Answer 23

Capillaries

Question 24

________intermittent contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincters at the metarterioles

Answer 24

Vasomotion -

Question 25

__________which are gaps between endothelial cells

Answer 25

intercellular clefts

Question 26

the endothelial cells have many fenestrations or ______

Answer 26

pores

Question 27

things can cross at a ______ especially if forces promoted increased movement (i.e. high blood pressure at the site)

Answer 27

faster rate

Question 28

Materials pass through capillary wall four (4) ways

Answer 28

directly across endothelial membranes pinocytic vesicles fenestrations intercellular clefts

Question 29

________tunica interna of endothelium tunica media with a few scattered smooth muscle fibers and fibroblasts small diameter

Answer 29

proximal venule

Question 30

____________ larger lumen possesses the tunica externa like veins

Answer 30

distal venule:

Question 31

veins possess three coats ______- thinner than arteries

Answer 31

tunica interna

Question 32

veins _______ - much thinner with relatively few smooth muscles and elastic fibers

Answer 32

tunica media

Question 33

veins ______ - thickest layer consisting of collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 33

tunica externa

Question 34

_____ are found in most veins, especially veins in the limbs and are composed of thin folds of tunica interna that form flap-like cusps

Answer 34

valves

Question 35

Simple Diffusion most important method of solute exchange where ____________

Answer 35

movement is down the concentration gradient

Question 36

_________ can cross the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 36

lipid-soluble materials

Question 37

__________materials can diffuse quickly through fenestrations in the endothelial cells or through intercellular clefts

Answer 37

water-soluble (lipid-insoluble)

Question 38

brain capillary endothelial cells are non-fenestrated and the intercellular clefts are sealed closed by tight junctions i.e._______

Answer 38

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 39

Vesicular Transport also called ________involves pinocytosis into the endothelial cell and exocytosis out

Answer 39

transcytosis,

Question 40

Bulk Flow Important in regulating the balance of blood and interstitial fluid volumes substances move in response to forces such as _____

Answer 40

blood pressure

Question 41

_________states that the rates of filtration and re-absorption are almost equal

Answer 41

Starling's Law of the Capillaries

Question 42

a force caused by the presence of large plasma proteins, primarily ______, which pull fluid from the interstitial spaces into the capillaries

Answer 42

albumen

Question 43

_____ is a suspension of particles in a liquid

Answer 43

colloid

Question 44

there is a net flow of fluid out and in the capillaries about 3L of that ends up as ______

Answer 44

lymph

Question 45

____liters of fluid filtered out of capillaries

Answer 45

20

Question 46

____liters of fluid reabsorbed

Answer 46

17

Question 47

___ liters enters the lymphatic system

Answer 47

3