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Agriculture Science 100 > Chapter 1 Outline- overview > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Outline- overview Flashcards

0
Q

Meat by products are

A

Glue, medicine, fertilizer, catgut, chemicals, and leather

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1
Q

Live animals are used for

A

Milk, fiber, draft, transportation, sport, work, and pleasure

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2
Q

A 3 oz serving of roast beef has what percent of caloric needs

A

8% of daily caloric needs

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3
Q

Roast beef has what percent of daily protein

A

57%

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4
Q

Roast beef has what percent vitamin B 12 and what is it useful for

A

34% and important for hemoglobin in red blood cells

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5
Q

Roast beef has what percent of daily zinc

A

32%

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6
Q

Roast beef has what percent of niacin

A

18%

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7
Q

Roast beef has what percent of iron and why is it important

A

12% and plays a role with hemoglobin

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8
Q

Roast beef has how many mg of cholesterol?

A

72mg

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9
Q

A generation ago, what was animal science called

A

Animal Husbandry

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10
Q

What are the two differences between animal husbandry and animal science

A
  1. The production of healthy livestock was more an art than a science
  2. Skills were passed down one generation to the next
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11
Q

Livestock producers

A
  1. Usually college educated
  2. Rely on science-based, proven facts
  3. Profit margins are small
  4. Record keeping is essential
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12
Q

Producers have what responsibilities

A
  1. Preserve what is left of our natural resources
  2. Only 2% of the voting public directly involved with agriculture
  3. Producers must constantly defend their use of limited resources
  4. City people are in competition for natural resources.
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13
Q

About how many species of animals are there?

A

1.5 million

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14
Q

What percent of living animals represent all the animals that have ever existed

A

Less than 1%

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15
Q

About how many species of mammals exist today

A

More than 15,000

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16
Q

What kind of relationship do domestic animals and humans have

A

Synergistic reltionship

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17
Q

What do domesticated animals provide humans with

A

Food, fiber, transportation, and draft power

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18
Q

Who and in what year brought horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs

A

Columbus in 1493

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19
Q

Who and in what year brought pigs from Cuba to Florida

A

Hernando de Soto in 1539

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20
Q

Where and in what year were sheep imported

A

Jamestown in 1609

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21
Q

Who and in what year were horses brought over

A

Spanish and 1600

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22
Q

What were the animals imported from Europe used for

A

Milk, butter, and draft

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23
Q

Who helped develop purebred herds in the east

A

George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

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24
Following the American Revolution, where did the livestock move
West
25
What other herds of anima were created by similar movements
Cattle, sheep, goats, and horses at missions in the Spanish territory
26
Where were large herds marketed before the civil war
To the east for hides and tallow through slaughter points in New Orleans
27
During the civil war, what happened to cattle herds
Eastern and Northern markets cut off and cattle multiplied in Texas.
28
What was the cost per head of cattle during the civil war
$3.00 to $6.00 in Texas | $30 to $60 in the north and east
29
What did the civil war lead to with the cattle beards
Trail drives from Texas to meet railroad lines in Kansas 10 million head of Longhorn
30
How long were cattle drives
600-1700 miles
31
What caused the end of the open range
Introduction of barbed wire- 1870's Indian wars Killing if buffalo
32
What were the benefits of closing the open range
Improvement of animal production, more efficient production. Using superior sires
33
Which breed of cattle was bred out of existence and what new age was ushered in
The longhorn and golden purebred era
34
What was the primary purpose of wool in 1783
Clothing from wool of the merinos from Spain
35
What happened to sheep during the civil war
Dramatic increase in the price of wool due to limited supply of cotton Increased production: 1884-50 million 1942- 56 million
36
What are sheep numbers today and where are most sheep located in the US
Competition of synthetic fibers and pressure from other meat products have caused a decline to 7 million breeding ewes in 11 western states
37
Hernando De Soto and hogs
He brought 13 hogs that increased to 700 three years later Explored from Florida to Missouri Razorback swine descendants of these Soto pigs
38
What are the too corn growing areas and hog producing areas
TN, KY, OH, CT market their corn through the hogs
39
What happened to the hogs as the West developed
Hogs were used on the trail because it was easily smoked, pickled, or otherwise preserved High energy, high far content for pioneers
40
What caused the production of genuine American breeds
New breeds brought in from other countries
41
Who and where were horses first brought to
Spanish missionary movement to NM
42
Horses in Jamestown
17 saddle horses brought to Jamestown
43
1840- horses
Used for workhorse and pulled piggies
44
After the civil war what happened to the horse
Trail drives increased with horse use 1867- 7 million 1913- 21 million
45
What happened to horses as the auto and tractor developed
1960 Horses numbers fell to 3 million Re newed interest in recreation, racing increased to 7 million 2005- 9.2 million
46
What are today's advancements?
Splitting embryos, freezing embryos, embryo transfer, cloning, sexing semen
47
Future Advancements include
Vaccines and designing animals to fit a specific need or consumer need
48
Domestic animals are used for
Good, assist in labor and in war, sport, and companions
49
Why do some nations have enough animals to feed population, but have starving people
1. Religious and cultural boundaries cannot eat these animals 2. Animal utilize resources that could be used for harvesting other feeds 3. Many dictatorial nations refuse to allow resources to be used for feeding their own people 4. Others lack knowledge necessary to produce abundant food supplies
50
Facts about the United States and producing food
5% of the world's population produces more than 20% of the world's total food.
51
The change in the average US workers' pay has increased. Name them
1950- $1.34/hour 1995- $11.46/hour 2010-$18.50/hour
52
How has the number of people farmers can feed changed
1820- 1 farmer fed 4 people 1998- 1 farmer fed 212 people On ecological basis increase in production efficiency is a plus We can feed more people with fewer resources
53
What percent of their total income do Europeans spend on food
30-65%
54
What percent of their income do American's spend on food
Less than 10%
55
How can we use the optimum amount of natural resources
1. Use both the animals and plants to produce food | 2. Use ruminant animals to graze land not suitable for crops
56
What is the increase in domestic per capita consumption if pork
Increase from 47.9 to 51.4lbs 2008- 48.9
57
What is the increase per capita if chicken
Increase from 73.1 to 77.5 2008- 83.9
58
What is the increase per capita of beef
Decrease from 67.2 to 65.6lbs 2008- 64.1
59
What is the increase per capita of turkey
Increase from 18.1 to 18.8 2008- 13.9lbs
60
What are consumers concerned about in the nutrition of food
``` Cholesterol levels Fat, sugar, and salt Caloric content Good additives Pesticide and herbicide residues ```
61
Will there be more or less farms in the future, explain.
The total number of farms will decrease in number and in size. More efficient livestock production yielding a lower per unit cost of production will result
62
What will increase efficiency
More automation - Increased use of biotechnology - Bio friendly alternatives to -herbicides and pesticides - Super ovulation - Embryo splitting - Sex- determined semen - Computer- managed livestock facilities

Agriculture Science 100 (12 decks)

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