Chapter 1 vocab

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

Study of how living organisms perform their functions

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of internal & external body structures & their physical relationships among other body parts

Question 3

Medic terminology

Answer 3

A special language that involves using word roots, prefixes, suffixes, & combining forms to build terms related to the body in health & disease

Question 4

Eponyms

Answer 4

Commemorative names

Names created after victim or discovery

Question 5

Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)

Answer 5

Examining relatively large structures (surface, regional, & systemic anatomy)

Question 6

Organ system

Answer 6

Group of organs that function together in a coordinated manner

Question 7

embryology

Answer 7

study of early developemental processes

Question 8

cytology

Answer 8

study of the internal structure of individual cells

Question 9

cells

Answer 9

the simplest unit of life

Question 10

histology

Answer 10

examination of tissue

Question 11

tissue

Answer 11

a group of specialized cells & cell products that work together to perform specific functions

Question 12

organs

Answer 12

made by multiple tissues combined to perform a certain action

Question 13

human physiology

Answer 13

study of the functions or working of the human body

Question 14

signs

Answer 14

an objective disease indication like fever

Question 15

symptoms

Answer 15

a subjective disease indication, such as tiredness

Question 16

scientific method

Answer 16

a system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question & then testing the hypothesis with data collected through observation & experimentation

Question 17

atoms

Answer 17

smallest stable unit of matter

Question 18

organism

Answer 18

human- the highest level of organization that we consider

Question 19

homeostasis

Answer 19

the existence of a stable internal environment

Question 20

homeostatic regulation

Answer 20

adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Question 21

autoregulation

Answer 21

process that occurs when a cell, a tissue, an organ, or organ system adjusts in response to environmental change

Question 22

extrinsic regulation

Answer 22

process that results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system

Question 23

receptor

Answer 23

a sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change

Question 24

control center

Answer 24

receives & processes the information from the receptor & sends out commands

Question 25

effector

Answer 25

cell & organ that responds to commands of the control center & whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus

Question 26

set point

Answer 26

setting on the thermostat that establishes the desired valued

Question 27

positive feedback

Answer 27

initial stimulus that produces a response that is exaggerated or enhanced to the original change in condition, rather than oppose

Question 28

positive feedback loop

Answer 28

an escalating cycle

Question 29

disease

Answer 29

when an organ system starts to malfunction

Question 30

state of equilibrium

Answer 30

when opposing processes or forces are in balance

Question 31

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 31

a state of equilibrium that keeps vital conditions within a normal range of values

Question 32

superficial anatomy

Answer 32

locating structures on or near the body surface

Question 33

anatomical position

Answer 33

standard anatomical reference for the human form

Question 34

supine

Answer 34

lying in the anatomical position facing up

Question 35

prone

Answer 35

lying in the anatomical position facing down

Question 36

abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 36

sections of the abdomen created by a pair of imaginary perpendicular lines that insert at the umbilicus (navel)

Question 37

abdominopelvic regions

Answer 37

precise terms to describe the location & orientation of internal organs

Question 38

sectional planes

Answer 38

a section through a three dimensional objec

Question 39

transcerse plane

Answer 39

a plane that lies at right angles to the long axis of the body

Question 40

transcerse section

Answer 40

a cut in the transcerse plane

Question 41

frontal plane/ sagittal plane

Answer 41

two planes parallel to the long axis of the body

Question 42

body cavities

Answer 42

closed, fluid- filled, lined with thin tissue sections that house organs

Question 43

diaphragm

Answer 43

a flat muscular sheet that separates anatomical regions

Question 44

viscera

Answer 44

internal organs that are enclosed by body cavities

Question 45

pleural cavities

Answer 45

the thoracic cavity that contain the lungs

Question 46

mediastinum

Answer 46

a mass tissue that separate the plieral cavities

Question 47

pericardial cavity

Answer 47

a small chamber that contains the heart (surrounds)

Question 48

abdominal cavities

Answer 48

the bigger section of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 49

pelvic cavity

Answer 49

the smaller section of the abdominopelvic cavity that expands from the diaphragm to the pelvis