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chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between anatomy & physiology

A

anatomy is the study of the relations of organs while physiology is how they work

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2
Q

what are the levels of organization

A 
different levels of what makes up life
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level 
organism level
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3
Q

chemical level

A

dealing with the smallest stable unit of matter, atoms

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4
Q

cellular level

A

study of the smallest living units in the body, cells

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5
Q

tissue level

A

the tissue is a group of cells working together to perform a function

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6
Q

organ level

A

organs are made of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions

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7
Q

organ system level

A

a group of organs interacting

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8
Q

organism level

A

human beings

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9
Q

what are the life process

A 
metabolism
responsiveness
reproduction
movement
growth
differentiation
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10
Q

metabolism

A

everything uses energy

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11
Q

responsiveness

A

reacting to different things

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12
Q

movement

A

anything alive moves

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13
Q

growth

A

anything alive grows

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14
Q

differentiation

A

everything is different in one way or another

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15
Q

reproduction

A

needed to create offspring and the next generation

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16
Q

homeostasis

A

refers to the existence of a stable internal environment. it is important to maintain this because the organism depends on it
controlled by nervous & endocrine systems(releases hormones into blood)

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17
Q

what are the needs of living things?

A 
water 
sunlight
air
food(energy)
habitats
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18
Q

what are the planes of the body

A

frontal coronal plane
sagittal plane
transverse horizontal plane

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19
Q

frontal coronal plane

A

separates anterior and posterior potions

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20
Q

sagittal plane

A

parallel to long axis

separates the right& left plane

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21
Q

transverse/ horizontal plane

A

separates superior & inferior portions

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22
Q

what are the different body cavities?

A

thoracic & abdominal

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23
Q

parts of the thoracic cavity

A

pleural cavity & pericardial cavity

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24
Q

parts of the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneal, abdominal, & pelvic

25
what are the two types of anatomy
gross & microscopic
26
gross anatomy
large structures
27
microscopic anatomy
microscopic level (cells & molecules)
28
histology
study of tissue
29
diaphram
skeletal muscle- help inhalation
30
abdominal cavity
stomach, liver, spleen, gull bladder, intestines, pancreas
31
pelvic cavity
bladder, colon, reproductive organs, rectum
32
thoracic
chest region
33
extrinsic regulation
process that results from the results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system
34
antoregulation
process that occurs when a cell, a tissue, and organ, or an organ system adjusts in response to some environmental change
35
what is the homeostatic regulatory mechanism
receptor to control center, to effector
36
receptor
a sensor that is sensitive to stimuli or environmental change
37
control center
recieves & processes the information from the receptor & sends out commands
38
effector
cell or organ that responds to the command (either opposes or enhances the stimuli)
39
negative feedback
a way of counteracting a change
40
positive feedback
the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in condition, rather than opposing it (extreme responses)
41
body systems
made of interacting atoms that form molecules that combine to form the protein filaments of an organ. the various organ systems mus work together to maintain life at the organism level
42
integumentary system: major organs
skin hair sweat glands nails
43
integumentary system: functions
protects against environmental hazards helps regulate body temperature provides sensory information
44
skeletal system: major organs
bones cartilages associated ligaments bone marrow
45
skeletal system: functions
provides support & protection for other tissues stores calcuim & other minerals forms blood cells
46
muscular system: major organs
skeletal muscles & associated tendons
47
muscular system: functions
provides movement provides protection & support for other tissues generates heat that maintains body temperature
48
nervous system: major organs
brain spinal cord peripheral nerves sense organs
49
nervous system : functions
directs immediate responses to stimuli coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems provides & interprets sensory information about external conditions
50
endocrine system" major organs
``` pituitary gland thyroid gland pancreas adrenal glands gonads endocrine tissues in other systems ```
51
endocrin sytems: functions
directs long term changes in the activites of other organ systems adjusts metabolic activity & energy use by the body controls many structural* functional changes during development
52
lymphatic system: major organs
``` spleen thymus lymphatic vessels lymph nodes tonsils ```
53
respiratory systems: major organs
``` nasal cavities sinuses larynx trachea bronchi lungs alceoli ```
54
respiratory systems: funtions
delivers air to alveoli provides oxygen to bloodstream removes carbon dioxide from blood stream produces sound for communication
55
digestive system: major organs
``` teeth tongue pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine liver gall bladder pancreas ```
56
digestive system: functions
process & digests food absorbs & converts water stores energy reserbes
57
urinary system: major organs
kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra
58
urinary system: functions
excretes waste controls water balance regulates blood ion concentrations
59
lymphatic system: function
defends against infections & disease | returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

anatomy & physiology (17 decks)

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