the heart

Question 1

1. Which wall of the heart is thickest and why?

Answer 1

• myocardium in the left ventricle

- it needs to be able to push blood out of the heart and into the rest of the body through the systemic pump

Question 2

2. What part of the heart is the pacemaker and why?

Answer 2

• SA node (sinus)

- creates electrical impulses that monitor heart rate

Question 3

3. Where is the SA node located?

Answer 3

right atrium

Question 4

systolic

Answer 4

• number on top of the blood pressure

- the amount of pressure on the atrias during systole

Question 5

diostolic

Answer 5

• the bottom number

- pressure during diastole

Question 6

6. List the path of blood through the heart. Which side is oxygenated and deoxygenated?

Answer 6

• inferior and superior vena cava
• right atrium
• tricuspid
• right ventricle
• pulmonary valve
• pulmonary trunk
• pulmonary artery
• lungs/ capillary beds
• pulmonary viens
• left atrium
• mitral valve
• left ventrical
• aortic valve
• aortic arch
• aortic artery
• systemic artery

Question 7

7. Explain what is happening when the A/V valves are closing?

Answer 7

• the atria are emptying
• “lub”
• ventricles are filling
• semilunar valves are opening

Question 8

7. Explain what is happening When the semi lunar valves are closing?

Answer 8

• the atria are filling with blood
• ventricles are contracting’
• av valves are closing
• “dub”

Question 9

8. What is the term for the lack of oxygen to the body

Answer 9

-hypoxia

Question 10

9. How is the lumen different in the arteries and veins

Answer 10

• arteries have high pressure so walls are thicker
• arteries have a smaller lumen
• veins have less pressure so lumen is larger and muscle is thinner

Question 11

11. What is the structure for the layers of the heart wall?

Answer 11

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 12

define chordae tendineae. Function?

Answer 12

• fiborous strands that attach valves to the heart

- pulls the AV valves shut to create the lub sound

Question 13

14. What are the functions of the valves of the heart?

Answer 13

-prevent back flow

Question 14

15. What is the difference between the apex and base?

Answer 14

• apex is where the structure comes to a point

- left ventricle

Question 15

16. Heart: Where is it? Between? Size? Lies on?

Answer 15

• center of your chest but tilted a little to the left side
• size of a human fist
• lies on the diaphragm (thin sheet of muscle)

Question 16

17. List four things that would increase heart rate.

Answer 16

• excersize
• standing up to quickly
• eating lots of food
• heavy breathing

Question 17

18. As we age (adult +) the heart rate ? Infant heart rate?

Answer 17

• decreases

- up to 170 bpm

Question 18

What is and causes pericarditis?

Answer 18

-when the pericardium is inflammed

Question 19

20. What artery is blood pressure most likely taken from?

Answer 19

-bracchial artery

Question 20

23. What is the normal blood pressure?

Answer 20

110/70

Question 21

25. What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 21

-diffusion of gasses

Question 22

26. What are the layers of veins and arteries?

Answer 22

• tunica interna
• tunica media
• tunica externa

Question 23

27. Describe the conduction system of the heart. Know the path the action potential/nerve impulse takes.

Answer 23

• SA node
• AV node
• bundle of his
• bundle of branches
• purkinje fibers

Question 24

28. How do you determine cardiac output? What is it? Average cardiac output for adults?

Answer 24

-multiply the amount released in on heart beath and multiply the amount of times the heart beats a minute

Question 25

33. Tachycardia vs. Bradycardia

Answer 25

-very fast vs a very slow heart rate

Question 26

myocardial infarction

Answer 26

heart attack

Question 27

atherosclerosis

Answer 27

build up of fat and plaque

Question 28

uses for an EKG

Answer 28

-assess heart rhythm -diagnose poor blood flow -diagnose heart attack diagnose abnormalities of your heart, such as heart chamber enlargement and abnormal electrical conduction