digestive system Flashcards
what is the alimentary canal/ GI tract/ digestive tract made of
- mouth
- throat
- esophagus
- stomach
- small
- large intestine
- rectum
major organs
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small/ large intestines
accessory organs
- teeth
- tongue
- salivary gland
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
layers of the GI tract
(superficial to deep)
- serosa (viseral peritoneum, serus membrane)
- muscularis externa (smooth muscle)
- submucosa (aereolar connective)
- mucosa (secretes mucus, non ciliated simple columnar, microvilli)
mesentery
- fold of the peritoneum
- attaches to the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, etc
mesocolon
- broad, mesofold of peritoneum
- connects transverse colon to the posterior wall of abdomen
falciform ligament
-ligament that separates the liver
lesser omentum
-double layer of peritonuem that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature and the duodenum
greater omentum
- apron like fold of visceral peritoneum
- hangs down from the stomach
function of GI tract
- mechanical digestion
- chemical digestion
- defication ( excretion of waste)
- mixing and movement of foods and waste
- absorption of nutrients and water
- secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes
mouth function
- salivary glands
- saliva enzymes break down STARCHES (carbohydrates)
- lubrication of food
pharynx and esophagus function
- passageway for food
- no special functions
stomach function
- when empty, the lining folds up into little rides (rugae)
- walls contract and stretch to mash the boluses into paste (chyme)
- releases GASTRIC ENZYMES and acids
- breaks down PROTEIN
small intestine function
- where most digestion occurs
- 20 feet long
- breaking down of FATS
- ENZYMES AND CHEMICALS secreted by the pancreas, liver, and intestines
- contain many folds (plica) that are lined with VILLI (absorbs nutrients from chyme)
- nutrients are passed into the blood and lymph system
large intestine function
- final removal of FLUIDS
- chyme turns to feces
- contains harmless bacteria (aids in productions of vitamin K)
- haustral churning
boluses
-chewed food that is combined with saliva
chyme
-thick fluid created in stomach from boluses
feces
- poop
- made of undigested food, cellulose, dead cells, mucus, and bacteria
flatus
farting
constipation
- when feces is stored in the large intestine for an extended period of time
- fluid from feces is sucked into body
- may cause feculent breath
gastroenterology
study of the digestive system
proctology
study of the anus and rectum
common hepatic duct
- from both livers
- carries bile to gallbladder
cystic duct
- from gallbladder
- carries bile to stomach
