Chapter 10 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Absolute depreivation
The state of being unable to purchase the things related to basic survival
alterative movements
Example-
A type of social movement that focuses on changing individuals thinking and behavior in a specific, limited way;
for example students against drunk driving
antithesis
The contradictions and antagonisms within the structure of society that challenge that structure
basic needs
What a country’s population requires for survival, including health, education, food, water, sanitation
capitalists
Those who have capital invested in business and therefore own the means of production
cottage industries
A business whose labor force consists of family members who work at home using their own equipment
cyclical theory
The view that society is like a natural organism and that each society passes naturally and inevitably through the same life cycle phases as individual biological organisms, so that ultimately social change may be viewed as part of a natural cycle
debt dependency
A strategy of development based on reliance on aid and loans from other countries, international aid agencies, and banks
debt for nature swaps
Arrangement in which debt ridden governments agree to purchase or set aside land to conserve as state owned parks and to protect the lands natural resources in exchange for debt cancellation
dependent development
A dual strategy combining import substitution and export processing adopted by peripheral nations in order to combat the drain on their resources and the unequal benefits of trade dependency
dialectic
The ongoing process of social change marked by conflict
equilibrium theory
The view that society is like a biological organism such as the human body; according to this notion all systems in the organism are interdependent, and any disturbance or alteration in one of the systems requires adjustments in the other systems in order for the organism to maintain its equilibrium
evolutionary theory
The view that society is like a biological organism that evolves to a higher life form with each change, so that social change is viewed as evolutionary
export processing
the strategy adopted by peripheral nations of manufacturing goods for sale abroad in order to combat the drain on their resources and the unequal benefits of trade dependency
import substitution
The strategy adopted by peripheral nations of substitution locally produced goods for imported goods in order to combat the drain on their resources and the unequal benefits of trade dependency
inventions
new practices and objects developed out of existing knowledge
latent
a
manifest
a
Marxist theory
A theoretical perspective that explains social conflicts as rooted in unequal power relations between those who own the means of production and those who do not, and the ongoing resolutions of those conflicts as the engine of social change
Modernization theory
The view that poor countries can move from tradition to industrial economies by adopting the values systems of industrialized Western nations
political process theory
A theoretical perspective of social movements that argues that mobilizing resources may be necessary for social movements to develop, but it is insufficient by itself to spark an effective social movement unless an opportunity exist or is created to apply those resources in a way that disrupts business as usual
proletariat
The working class; those who do not won the means of production and must therefore sell their labor power in order to live
redemptive movements
Example-
A type of social movement directed at totally changing individuals rather than society as a whole;
often a religious movement
Fundamentalist movements, they say this religion should be what you live by
reformative movements
Example-
a type of social movement that aims to make limited but specific changes in society rather than just in individuals;
for example, the civil rights movement
